The Fossil Record of Conodonts in Greece

Abstract

The history of conodonts originated in 1856 when Pander introduced the term “Conodonten” for describing tiny fossils, initially considered as the teeth of fossil fishes. Pander’s work triggered numerous researchers to study not only their phylogeny and taxonomy but also their stratigraphical range, as they have been reported from several locations around the world, such as Greece. Paleozoic and Mesozoic formations/outcrops of mainly central and south Greek peninsula comprise conodont assemblages; therefore, they have been the subject of research already from 1958 by Huckriede which continues until this century. Nine areas have been studied in total: 5 of them referred to the mainland (Central Greece, Beotia, Evia, Attica, Peloponnesus) and 4 to islands (Hydra, Chios, Corfu and Crete Island) with 80 localities and over than 100 sections/outcrops. Ninety genera have been reported from the Greek territory, with plethora of representatives. Worth mentioning is that from the Greek material, three new genera were identified, Anastrophognathus, Neogondolella, and Tardogondolella by Bender in 1968b, and also 19 new species were described for the first time.

1 Introduction

Conodonts (Conodonta Eichenberg, 1930) refer to small marine organisms of an extinct group of fossil animals that lived from the Palaeozoic to early Mesozoic eras (e.g., Spasov and Ganev 1960). Conodonts were introduced and described for the first time by Pander in 1856. His discovery of these microfossil findings of Paleozoic strata of Baltic provinces and Moscow environs was phosphatic teeth-like parts (calcium phosphate or apatitic conodont “elements”) and initiated a vigorous debate regarding their biology and affinity for more than 130 years. Hence, along these years, a great number of papers dealt with their morphology, anatomy, distribution, and taxonomy (e.g., Huckriede 1958; Lindström 1964; Kozur 1975; Müller 1981; Murdock et al. 2013). Moreover, conodonts are one of the most important and widespread—though quite enigmatic as it will be explained below—microfossils, which have an excellent fossil record from the Cambrian to Triassic; thus they own biozones (e.g., Walliser 1964; Ziegler and Sandberg 1990).

The conodont fossil record from Greece includes 90 genera, 348 species and 74 subspecies from 80 localities/sections (e.g., Bender et al. 1960; Vrielynck 1978a; Kozur and Krahl 1984; Appendix). The oldest record comes from the Silurian to Carboniferous of Chios Island (e.g., Kauffmann 1965; Herget and Roth 1968) and from the Carboniferous of Attica (Caridroit et al. 2000). The rest of the localities correspond to the Triassic Period (e.g., Flament 1973; Muttoni et al. 2014).

2 Historical Overview

In 1856, Christian Heinrich Pander (one of the founders of embryology and paleontology in Russia) in his monograph introduced and described conodonts for the first time. Pander regarded these tiny specimens (minute teeth-like remains composed of pure calcium carbonate)—from which he derived the concept of “Conodonten”—as the teeth and/or jaws of an unknown group of fossil fishes. However, he reported that the structure of those teeth showed several and strong differentiations in icthyological character from all known fish, which led him to the impression that these fossils were not fish teeth. Pander also noted the lack of bone findings, indicating that conodonts did not have hard parts; thus he suggested that the fossils could be related to hagfish or lampreys. Because of this, Pander used a conservative way to describe these specimens: each species was interpreted to have teeth of a single morphology. Consequently, the systematic taxonomy of his monograph concluded the establishment of 13 genera with 55 newly named species. Later, Ulrich and Bassler (1926) of the US National Museum accepted the idea of Pander’s conodonts and proposed a more extensive classification model of the group. They described many new species from Devonian and Mississippian rocks in the southeastern United States and were the first to recognize their biostratigraphic usefulness. In the early 1930s, conodonts became the main interest and paleontologic curiosities for paleontologists around the world. Among them, Branson and Mehl (1934a, b) and their students (at the University of Missouri) studied the Middle Ordovician to Lower Carboniferous of eastern and central United States under an extensive program of conodont research and produced a considerably expanded taxonomy and knowledge of their nature. Interest in conodonts grew dramatically, and the number of paleontologists interested in this enigmatic group increased greatly, due primarily to the establishment of this major research program. In 1934, Schmidt and Scott discovered groups of individual elements preserved together in the same black shale bedding plain. This important discovery led to the hypothesis that the individual elements were held in pairs (termed an apparatus) when in life, often likened to mouthparts. From the 1960s onward, conodonts have developed into one of the most important biostratigraphic tools available for the study of Palaeozoic and Triassic sequences.

3 Conodont Classification and the Great Fossil Enigma

Based on Pander’s doubts about the uncertain origin of conodonts, many scenarios were suggested for their phylogenetic position. The unsolved puzzle of the true nature of conodonts remains, until nowadays, the main subject for more than a hundred papers that deal with a plethora of hypotheses on the function of the conodont and their affinity, or the identity of the organism that bore them.

Isolated conodonts are widespread and abundant. Until the 1980s, their biological affinities were still not known. Conodonts have been variously interpreted as the remains of plants (algae, vascular plants), conulariids, aschelminthes (copulatory structures of nematodes, priapulids, teeth of rotifers, gastrotrichs, kinorhynchs), and gnathostomulids; as molluscan radulae of various kinds, annelid jaws, and arthropod organs (but not since the last century); and as elements of lophophorates, chaetognaths, and chordates such as agnathans (including cyclostomes), selachians, ostracoderms, placoderms, and various kinds of primitive vertebrates (Hass 1962; Müller 1981). In the 1980s, many paleontologists (e.g., Clark 1981; Briggs et al. 1983; Gould 1983) placed conodonts in a separated phylum, Conodonta, because the morphological features of specimens do not resolve the question of conodont function and origin. According to Tillier and Cuif (1986), conodonts were invertebrates that resemble to aplacophoran molluscs, but this speculation was turned down by Briggs et al. (1987), a few years later. Janvier (1981) supported the hypotheses of Tillier and Cuif (1986) only to revise his original thoughts a few years later (e.g., Janvier 1995). Nonetheless, the great controversy lied in the phylogenetic relationship of conodonts with two other groups: chaetognaths and chordates. The chaetognaths that have only recently been the object of detailed investigation (Repetski and Szaniawski 1981; Szaniawski 1982) are small marine worms, dorsoventrally flattened, with horizontal fins, grasping spines, while they are mostly planktic (Hyman 1959). Rietschel (1973) noted the similarity between conodonts and the grasping spines of chaetognaths, suggesting that conodonts might have functioned in the same way.

As regards possibility of a vertebrate, chordate affinity for the conodonts has received more attention than any other (e.g., Schmidt in Schmidt and Müller 1964; Müller 1981). Sansom et al. (1992) and subsequent papers supported that conodont hard tissues are homologous to vertebrate tissues, since the discoveries of two findings of nearly complete animals. These results and the current knowledge of the anatomy of conodonts derived from two enlightening fossil findings, based on the form and the features of the soft-tissue remains. The first refers to a well-preserved new specimen from the Upper Ordovician Soom Shale of South Africa. This giant conodont Promissum pulchrum reveals details of the trunk musculature, feeding apparatus, and eyes. The preserved length is 109 mm but in its entire length reaches approximately 400 mm (Gabbott et al. 1995). The second particularly important discovery by Briggs et al. in 1983 comes from the Lower Carboniferous Granton Shrimp Bed of Edinburgh and was the species Clydagnathus windsorensis . This specimen refers to a wormlike, elongate (40.5 mm long and mostly less than 1.95 mm wide) organism that was most likely flattened in life. The preserved region of the head includes the conodont apparatus and the anterior one-third of the trunk. In the tail region, the presence of two distinct groups of fin rays on one side of the trunk suggests that two caudal fins may have been present (Briggs et al. 1983). Several specimens have been recovered from the same area, representing more or less complete conodont organisms, while the careful study and description of them came by Aldridge et al. (1986, 1993) and Aldridge (1987).

Although Aldridge et al. (1986) and Aldridge (1987) concluded that conodonts are related to myxinoids because of the laterally compressed body, large eyes, bilaterally feeding apparatus, myomeres, notochord, and a tail fin, there are still controversies about their phylogenetic position within the vertebrates. The presence of a notochord is a plesiomorphic chordate character shared with the protochordates (Urochordata and Cephalochordata) and the craniates, whereas the chevron-shaped muscle blocks are normally regarded as limited to the cephalochordates and craniates (e.g., Maisey 1986). Several authors related conodonts to craniates (e.g., Janvier 1983; Dzik 1986; Smith and Hall 1990). Janvier (1996) was the first who conducted computer-based parsimony analysis resulting in the affinity of conodonts with vertebrate groups, as a sister group of the lampreys. Later, Donoghue et al. (2000) reapplied a phylogenetic analysis where conodonts were placed between cyclostomes and other vertebrates, more derived than both hagfishes and lampreys, due to their calcified dermal skeleton. The position of conodonts as extinct chordates, more derived than living jawless vertebrates, but basal to those with jaws, has been established by cladistic analysis and has been summarized by Sweet and Donoghue (2001).

4 Distribution

The fossil record of conodonts is a well-studied subject in Greece already from the early 1960s. The study areas referred to localities across different regions of the central, south, as well as islands of the Hellenic territory (Fig. 1), where Paleozoic to lower Mesozoic (Triassic) sequences occur. From Central Greece, nine localities have been studied, including Pyli Trikala, Mt. East Koziakas, Mt. Othrys, Mt. Iti (Latsinies), Mt. Vardoussia, Kotsilieri, Galaxidi (Koutsouros–Kokkinovrakhos), Psilovrakhos–Karpenisi–Fragista, and Nafpaktos. Conodonts have been recorded also from Beotia (Mt. Helicon), Evia (Xirovouni–Seta), and Attica (Mt. Parnis). Three main areas of Peloponnesus were studied, Achaia (Priolithos–Drimos and Klitoria), Messinia (Mathia–Achladochori and Mt. Ithome), and Argolis (Asklepieion of Epidaurus, Theokafta, Adhami, Alogomandra, Maurovouni–Prosimi–Stefanion, Profitis Ilias, Moni Taxiarchis–Tsoukalia, Trapezona, Midhea, Karafotia–Trahla, Iliokastro–Kastro Hill). Concerning the islands, Hydra has been the subject of study of many researchers in numerous outcrops (Zogeika, Agios Nikolaos Monastery, Agia Triada, Mandraki–Hydra Chora, Malies, Klimaki, Pirghos, Agios Taxiarchis, Kaminia, Vlichos, Mt. Eros, Palamidas, Agia Marina, Episkopi, Tsigkri, Bisti, and also the adjacent small Kivotos, Petassi, and Pontikos Islands). Furthermore, one of the most studied areas in Greece is Chios Island, with more than 20 investigated localities (Kambia, Keramos, Kourounia–Nenitouria, Melanios–Agio Galas, Parparia, Potamia, Amani, Kipouries, Volisos, Katavasi, Kardamyla, Metochi–Megali Rachi, Anavatos, Vrontados, Rema Armenis, Latomi, Agios Markos, Kephalovouni, Marathovouno, Marmarotrapeza, Agia Anna, Parthenis, Korakaris, and Agios Georgios Sykousis). Only one species is reported from Corfu Island (Foustapidima Cape), while western and east Crete Island has been investigated as well (Voutas, Sfinari, Kambos, Paleochora, Skafi, Myrsini, Skopi, Tripokefala, Ziros). Further details on all localities are provided in the Appendix.

Fig. 1

Map with all the localities , where conodonts have been described: Central Greece: 1, Pyli Trikala, Mt. Koziakas; 2, Mt. Othrys; 3, Mt. Iti, Mt. Vardoussia, Kotsilieri, Psilovrakhos–Karpenisi–Fragista; 4, Galaxidi, Nafpaktos; 5, Beotia; 6, Evia; 7, Attica. Peloponnesus: 8, Achaia; 9, Messinia; 10, Argolis; 11, Hydra Island; 12, Chios Island; 13, Corfu Island. Crete Island: 14, Voutas, Sfinari, Kambos, Paleochora, Skafi; 15, Myrsini, Skopi, Tripokefala, Ziros. See Appendix for more information. Image exported from Google Earth Pro © 2019, map data from US Dept. of State Geographer, SIO, NOAA, U.S. Navy, NGA, GEBCO, image from Landsat/Copernicus. Scale bar equals 80 km, North faces upward

5 Systematic Paleontology

• Phylum Chordata Bateson, 1886

• Subphylum Vertebrata Linnaeus, 1758

• Class Conodonta Eichenberg, 1930

Remarks

348 species and 74 subspecies belonging to 90 conodont genera have been reported from Greece (Fig. 2). For space reasons, the list is given at generic level and in alphabetical order. Identified species are given without authorships in the main text, with additional information for the taxa described from Greece; full authorships and their references are given in the Appendix.

Fig. 2

The temporal distribution of conodont genera in Greece, compared to the global diversity (Data from the Paleobiology Database, accessed June 22, 2020). Genera marked with boldface contain species whose type localities are in Greece; the number of asterisks indicates the number of new taxa from Greece. Conodont silhouettes from phylopic.org and attributed to J. Headen

• Amorphognathus Branson and Mehl, 1933

Type Species

Amorphognathus ordovicica Branson and Mehl, 1933.

Identified Species in Greece

Amorphognathus sp.

Distribution

In the Hellenic material, Amorphognathus sp. has been found only in the Upper Devonian of Kipouries and Volisos (Chios Island) by Herget and Roth (1968) and Roth (1968).

• ★Anastrophognathus Bender, 1968b

Type Species

★Anastrophognathus sagittalis Bender, 1968b.

Identified Species in Greece

★Anastrophognathus sagittalis.

Distribution

Anastrophognathus sagittalis that has been described for the first time from Greece presents a wide distribution in the Hellenic peninsula, as it has been found in the late Anisian of Central Greece (Psilovrakhos; Kauffmann in Fleury 1980), the Lower to Middle Triassic of Argolis Peloponnesus (Asklipieion Epidaurus; Vrielync 1978a, b, 1980), Hydra Island (Agios Nikolaos Monastery; Dürkoop et al. 1986), Chios Island (Marathovouno; Bender 1968a, b; Tietze 1969), and Crete Island (Tripokefala and Voutas; Krahl et al. 1983, 1986).

Remarks

The genus Anastrophognathus has been described for the first time from the Hellenic material by Bender in 1968b, with the type species Anastrophognathus sagittalis from the lower Anisian limestones of Marathovouno of Chios Island.

• Ancoradella Walliser, 1964

Type Species

Ancoradella ploeckensis Walliser, 1964.

Identified Species in Greece

Ancoradella ploeckensis.

Distribution

Concerning the Greek material, Ancoradella ploeckensis has been described only from the Silurian of Kardamyla (Chios Island) (Kauffmann 1965).

• Ancyrodella Ulrich and Bassler, 1926

Type Species

Ancyrodella nodosa Ulrich and Bassler, 1926.

Identified Species in Greece

Ancyrodella sp.

Distribution

In the Hellenic deposits, Ancyrodella has been found only in the Upper Devonian of Melanios–Agio Galas, Parparia, and Kipouries in Chios Island (Herget and Roth 1968; Roth 1968).

• Apatognathus Branson and Mehl, 1934a

Type Species

Apatognathus varians Branson and Mehl, 1934a.

Identified Species in Greece

★Apatognathus mitzopouli, ★Apatognathus radiatus, Apatognathus ziegleri, Apatognathus sp.

Distribution

Representatives of this genus have been described for the first time in Greece and are distributed in the Olenekian to early Anisian of Marathovouno of Chios Island (Bender 1968b), with two species (A. mitzopouli and A. radiatus), whereas all Apatognathus species have been reported from other localities in Chios island as well (Parthenis, Agia Anna, Kephalovouni, Agios Markos, Rema Armenis, and Anavatos) (Bender 1968a, b; Tietze 1969; Tietze in Jacobshagen and Tietze 1974). A. mitzopouli has been also found in the late Anisian to Norian of Mt. Vardoussia (Ardaens 1978), while A. ziegleri is more widespread and has been found in the Carnian of Theokafta (Argolis) (Bender et al. 1960; Bender 1968b), the Ladinian of Asklipieion (Argolis) and the late Anisian to Carnian of Mandraki–Hydra Chora and Petassi Island (Hydra) (Huckriede 1958; Römermann 1968).

Remarks

The species Apatognathus mitzopouli and Apatognathus radiatus have been identified for the first time from the Olenekian to late Anisian of Marathovouno (Chios Island), by Bender (1968b).

• Belodella Ethington, 1959

Type Species

Belodus devonicus Stauffer, 1940.

Identified Species in Greece

Belodella triangularis, Belodella sp.

Distribution

In the Greek material, Belodella triangularis has been found only in the Upper Devonian to Carboniferous of Kipouries while Belodella cf. triangularis in the Middle Devonian of Parthenis and Belodella sp. in the Silurian to Devonian of Agia Anna (Chios Island) (Roth 1968; Walisser in Tietze 1969).

• Belodina Ethington, 1959

Type Species

Belodus compressus Branson and Mehl, 1933.

Identified Species in Greece

Belodina triangularis.

Distribution

In the Greek material, Belodina triangularis has been reported only from the Devonian of Potamia and Kipouries in Chios Island (Herget and Roth 1968; Roth 1968).

• Bispathodus Müller, 1962

Type Species

Spathodus spinulicostatus Branson, 1934.

Identified Species in Greece

Bispathodus stabilis.

Distribution

Representatives of Bispathodus stabilis in the Hellenic material have been found only in the late Famennian (Upper Devonian) of Kardamyla (Chios Island) (Larghi et al. 2005).

• Budurovignathus Kozur, 1989

Type Species

Polygnathus mungoensis Diebel, 1956.

Identified Species in Greece

Budurovignathus hungaricus, Budurovignathus mungoensis.

Distribution

The two representatives of the genus Budurovignathus have been reported in the Hellenic peninsula, from the late Anisian to early Ladinian of Agia Triada of Hydra Island by Muttoni et al. (1994, 1997).

• Carnepigondolella Kozur, 2003

Type Species

Metapolygnathus zoae Orchard, 1991.

Identified Species in Greece

Carnepigondolella gulloae, Carnepigondolella nodosa.

Distribution

The two representatives of the genus of Carnepigondolella have been found in the Carnian of Agia Marina (Hydra Island) (Muttoni et al. 2014), while C. nodosa has been also reported from the late Carnian to early Norian of Stefanion (Argolis) (Noyan and Kozur 2007).

• Carniodus Walliser, 1964

Type Species

Carniodus carnulus Walliser, 1964.

Identified Species in Greece

Carniodus carinthiacus, Carniodus cf. carnulus.

Distribution

The two representatives of the genus Carniodus have been described from the Hellenic territory, in the Silurian of Kardamyla (Chios Island) by Kauffmann in 1965.

• Cavusgnathus Harris and Hollingsworth, 1933

Type Species

Cavusgnathus alta Harris and Hollingsworth, 1933.

Identified Species in Greece

Cavusgnathus sp.

Distribution

The genus of Cavusgnathus in Greece has been described only from the late Carboniferous of Sfinari (West Crete Island) (Krahl et al. 1983).

• Chirodella Hirschmann, 1959

Type Species

Chirodella triquetra (Tatge, 1956).

Identified Species in Greece

Chirodella dinodoides, Chirodella gracilis.

Distribution

C. dinodoides has a wide distribution in the Hellenic material characterizing the Middle to Late Triassic of Central Greece in Kotsilieri, Galaxidi, and Mt. Vardoussia, along with C. gracilis (Ardaens 1978), Nafpaktos and Psilovrakhos–Karpenisi–Fragista (Vrielynck in Fleury 1980), and Mt. Iti in Latsinies (Wigniole 1977), while it has also been reported from Mt. Helicon (Beotia) (Steuber 1991), Peloponnesus Achaia (Drimos) (Flament 1973), and Argolis (Asklipieion Epidaurus, Mavrovouni–Prosimi, Trapezona, Karafotia–Trahla, Profitis Ilias) (Vrielynck 1978a, 1980).

• Cornudina Hirschmann, 1959

Type Species

Ozarkodina breviramulis Tatge, 1956.

Identified Species in Greece

Cornudina breviramulis, Cornudina breviramulis minor, Cornudina tortilis, Cornudina oezdemirae, Cornudina sp.

Distribution

C. breviramulis minor has been found in Carnian–Norian of Midhea and Karafotia–Trahla and Mavrovouni–Prosimi (Argolis) (Vrielynck 1978a, 1980), while in the Anisian–Ladinian of Mt. Helicon (Beotia) (Steuber 1991) C. breviramulis and C. torilis have been reported. Furthermore, C. torilis has also been found in the Anisian to Ladinian of Asklipieion (Argolis) (Vrielynck 1978a, b), while Ardaens (1978) has described C. tortilis from the Anisian to Norian of Mt. Vardoussia and C. breviramulis and C. oezdemirae from Galaxidi.

• Cratognathodus Mosher, 1968

Type Species

Prioniodina kochi Huckriede, 1958.

Identified Species in Greece

Cratognathodus kochi, Cratognathodus posterognathus angulatus, Cratognathodus posterognathus posterognathus.

Distribution

The subspecies C. posterognathus angulatus and C. posterognathus posterognathus have been found in the Anisian to Ladinian of Mt. Helicon (Beotia) (Steuber 1991). Moreover, C. posterognathus and C. kochi have been described from the Triassic of the Adhami (Argolis) (Dürkoop et al. 1986), Karpenisi–Fragista, Mt. Vardoussia (Central Greece; Ardaens 1978; Vrielynck in Fleury 1980), and Priolithos–Drimos (Flament 1973). Additionally, C. kochi has been found in several late Anisian to early Ladinian localities of Hydra Island (Zogeika, Agios Nikolaos Monastery, Malies, Tsigkri, Bisti, Agia Triada, Petassi Island) and in some cases along with C. posterognathus (Dürkoop et al. 1986; Angiolini et al. 1992; Muttoni et al. 1994).

• Ctenognathus Pander, 1856

Type Species

Ctenognathus murchisoni Pander, 1856.

Identified Species in Greece

★Ctenognathus chionensis.

Distribution

C. chionensis has been described from Greece and in the Hellenic material has been found only in the Olenekian limestones of Marathovouno in Chios Island by Bender in 1968b.

• Cypridodella Mosher, 1968

Type Species

Cypridodella conflexa Mosher, 1968.

Identified Species in Greece

Cypridodella conflexa, Cypridodella delicatula, Cypridodella mediocris, Cypridodella muelleri, Cypridodella sp.

Distribution

The representatives of the genus Cypridodella refer to the Carnian to Norian of Drimos (Achaia Peloponnesus) (Flament 1973), although Krahl et al. (1986) have reported Cypridodella sp. from the early to middle Permian of Myrsini, East Crete Island.

• Didymodella Mosher, 1969

Type Species

Dichodella alternata (Mosher, 1968).

Identified Species in Greece

Didymodella alternata, Didymodella sp.

Distribution

D. alternata presents wide distribution in the Hellenic material, as it has been described from the Anisian to Ladinian of Mt. Helicon (Steuber 1991) and the Anisian to Ladinian of Asklipieion Epidaurus and Adhami (Argolis) (Dürkoop et al. 1986; Vrielynck 1978a, 1980). Also, Ardaens (1978) has reported Didymodella cf. alternata and Didymodella sp. from the late Anisian to Norian of Mt. Vardoussia.

• Diplododella Ulrich and Bassler, 1926

Type Species

Diplododella bilateralis Ulrich and Bassler, 1926.

Identified Species in Greece

Diplododella bidentata, Diplododella magnidentata, Diplododella meissneri, Diplododella triassica, Diplododella thuringensis.

Distribution

The widely distributed species Diplododella bidentata has been found in the Middle to Late Triassic of Mt. Helicon (Beotia) by Steuber (1991), and Kotsilieri by Ardaens in 1978, while he has also described D. meissneri and D. thuringensis from Mt. Vardoussia. Furthermore, D. bidentata has been reported from the late Carnian to early Norian of Priolithos (Peloponnesus) along with D. magnidentata by Flament (1973), from the late Anisian to Ladinian of Asklipieion Epidaurus and Adhami (Argolis) by Dürkoop et al. (1986), and from the Carnian to Norian of Karafotia–Trahla along with D. meissneri (Vrielynck 1978a, 1980). Finally, Krahl et al. (1986) have found it in the Olenekian to Anisian of Skopi (East Crete Island).

• Diplognathodus Kozur and Merrill, 1975

Type Species

Spathognathodus coloradoensis Murray and Chronic, 1965.

Identified Species in Greece

Diplognathodus sp.

Distribution

Concerning the Greek material, Diplognathodus sp. has been identified only from the early to middle Permian of Myrsini (East Crete) by Krahl et al. (1986).

• Doliognathus Branson and Mehl, 1941

Type Species

Doliognathus tata Branson and Mehl, 1941.

Identified Species in Greece

Doliognathus sp.

Distribution

Herget and Roth (1968) have described the genus of Doliognathus in the Hellenic peninsula only from the Upper Devonian deposits of Kambia (Chios).

• Ellisonia Müller, 1956

Type Species

Ellisonia triassica Müller, 1956.

Identified Species in Greece

Ellisonia sp.

Distribution

Although the genus Ellisonia has been identified only as Ellisonia sp., it has been found in several localities and detected age of the deposits of two islands, as the Wuchiapingian of Agios Taxiarchis (Hydra Island; Nestell and Wardlaw 1987) and the Lower Triassic of Kambos and Paleochora, the Induan of Myrsini, and the Olenekian to Anisian of Skopi and Tripokefala of Crete Island by Krahl et al. (1983).

• Enantiognathus Mosher and Clark, 1965

Type Species

Apatognathus inversus Sannemann, 1955.

Identified Species in Greece

Enantiognathus bitortus, Enantiognathus mitzopouli, Enantiognathus petrae-viridis, Enantiognathus ziegleri.

Distribution

Dürkoop et al. (1986) reported the four representatives of the genus Enantiognathus from the Anisian to Ladinian of Adhami (Argolis). Furthermore, E. bitortus has been also described from the Olenekian to Anisian of the Skopi, Tripokefala (West Crete Island) (Krahl et al. 1986). E. ziegleri has been reported from Asklipieion Epidaurus, Karafotia–Trahla (Argolis) (Vrielynck 1978a, 1980), and the Carnian to Norian of Priolithos–Drimos (Achaia) (Flament 1973) in Peloponnesus, whereas it has been found in the Late Triassic of several localities in Central Greece (Ardaens 1978; Vrielynck in Fleury 1980). It has been also reported from the late Anisian to Ladinian of Agia Triada, Agia Marina, Pirghos, and Episkopi of Hydra Island (Muttoni et al. 1994; Angiolini et al. 1992) and the Olenekian to Anisian of Chios Island (Katavasi and Metochi–Megali Rachi, Roth 1968; Anavatos, Rema Armenis, Agia Anna, Parthenis and Korakaris, Tietze 1969). E. petrae-viridis has also a quite wide distribution as it has been found in Asklipieion Epidaurus (Argolis) by Vrielynck (1978a, 1980), the Ladinian of Voutas (Crete Island) (Kozur and Krahl 1984), and the Anisian to Norian of Central Greece (Mt. Vardoussia and Galaxidi, Ardaens 1978; Karpenisi–Fragista, Vrielynck in Fleury 1980), while Enantiognathus sp. has been only described from Myrsini East Crete Island (Krahl et al. 1986).

• Epigondolella Mosher, 1968

Type Species

Polygnathus abneptis Huckriede, 1958.

Identified Species in Greece

Epigondolella abneptis, Epigondolella bidentata, Epigondolella diebeli, Epigondolella echinata, Epigondolella hungarica, Epigondolella multidentata, Epigondolella mungoensis, Epigondolella nodosa, Epigondolella permica, Epigondolella postera, Epigondolella primitia, Epigondolella pseudodiebeli, Epigondolella quadrata, ★Epigondolella rigoi, ★Epigondolella stefanionensis, Epigondolella ziegleri, Epigondolella sp.

Distribution

The genus of Epigondolella is one of the most common genera, with 17 species, found in the Hellenic material, including two of them described from Greece. They refer mainly in the Argolis area: Upper Triassic of Stefanion (Noyan and Kozur 2007; Vrielynck 1978a, 1980), Asklipieion Epidaurus (Krystyn and Mariolakos 1975; Vrielynck 1978a, b, 1980), Moni Taxiarchis–Tsoukalia (Baumgartner 1985), Trapezona, Karafotia–Trahla, and Midhea (Vrielynck 1978a, b, 1980), whereas it has also been described from Priolithos–Drimos and Klitoria of Achaia Peloponnesus (Flament 1973; Vrielynck in Fleury 1980). The second important area is Central Greece with seven species reported from the late Triassic of Nafpaktos and Psilovrakhos–Karpenisi–Fragista (Vrielynck in Fleury 1980), Mt. Iti (Wigniole 1977), and Mt. Vardoussia, Kotsilieri, and Galaxidi (Ardaens 1978). They have been also described from Pyli Trikala (Lekkas 1986), Mt. Othrys (Ferriere 1974), and East Mt. Koziakas (Ardaens 1978), while it has been also reported from Agia Marina of Hydra Island (Muttoni et al. 2014).

Remarks

Two species, Epigondolella rigoi and Epigondolella stefanionensis, have been described and named from Argolis Peloponnesus by Noyan and Kozur in 2007. The type locality of Epigondolella rigoi Kozur, 2007, is a cherty limestone in Stefanion section, and it corresponds to upper E. rigoi zone. Epigondolella stefanionensis Noyan 2007 has been identified in a section, consisting of a platy cherty limestone, NE of Stefanion, south of Mt. Rakhi Stefaniou, and it corresponds to the upper part of the late Carnian.

• Euprioniodina Ulrich and Bassler, 1926

Type Species

Euprioniodina deflecta Ulrich and Bassler, 1926.

Identified Species in Greece

Euprioniodina mediocris, Euprioniodina muelleri, Euprioniodina multihamata, Euprioniodina pectiniformis, Euprioniodina petraeviridis, Euprioniodina pronoides.

Distribution

Dürkoop et al. (1986) have been the only ones who have described the genus of Euprioniodina in the Greek peninsula. They reported six species from the late Anisian to Ladinian of Adhami of Argolis area in Peloponnesus.

• Eurygnathodus Staesche, 1964

Type Species

Eurygnathodus costatus Staesche, 1964.

Identified Species in Greece

Eurygnathodus costatus, Eurygnathodus paracostatus.

Distribution

Krahl et al. (1986) have found the two species of the genus Eurygnathodus in the Greek material in the Olenekian of Myrsini (East Crete Island), while Tietze (1969) reported E. costatus from the Olenekian to Ladinian of Anavatos of Chios Island.

• Falcodus Huddle, 1934

Type Species

Falcodus angulus Huddle, 1934.

Identified Species in Greece

?Falcodus sp.

Distribution

Bender et al. (1960) have described the species ?Falcodus sp. only from the Carnian of Theokafta (Argolis), in the Hellenic peninsula.

• Furnishius Clark, 1959

Type Species

Furnishius trisseratus Clark, 1959.

Identified Species in Greece

Furnishius triserratus.

Distribution

Furnishius triserratus has been described in the Greek deposits only from the Lower Triassic of Kambos of West Crete Island (Krahl et al. 1983).

• Gladigondolella Müller, 1962

Type Species

Gladigondolella tethydis (Huckriede, 1958).

Identified Species in Greece

★Gladigondolella carinata, Gladigondolella malayensis budurovi, Gladigondolella malayensis malayensis, Gladigondolella tethydis, Gladigondolella triangularis, Gladigondolella sp.

Distribution

The genus Gladigondolella has been found in the Hellenic material with five species and three subspecies, including G. carinata described for the first time from the lower Anisian limestones of Marathovouno of Chios Island by Bender in 1968b. They refer to five main areas. In the area of Argolis Peloponnesus, three species (G. carinata, G. malayensis, and G. tethydis) have been reported from the Middle to Upper Triassic of the Theokafta, Profitis Ilias, and Asklipieion Epidaurus (Bender 1968b; Krystyn and Mariolakos 1975; Vrielynck 1978a, 1980; Baumgartner 1985; Dürkoop et al. 1986). In Crete Island the same Gladigondolella species are described in Skopi, Sfinari, Voutas, and Tripokefala (Krahl et al. 1983, 1986; Kozur and Krahl 1984). Four species (G. carinata, G. malayensis budurovi, G. tethydis, G. triangularis) have also been found in the Early to Middle Triassic of Katavasi, Metochi–Megali Rachi, Anavatos, Rema Armenis, Kephalovouni, Marathovouno, Parthenis Korakaris, and Marmarotrapeza of Chios Island (Roth 1968; Tietze 1969; Bender 1968b; Assereto et al. 1980; Tietze in Jacobshagen and Tietze 1974; Gaetani et al. 1992; Jacobshagen et al. 1993). From Hydra Island, two species (G. malayensis malayensis and Gladigondolella sp.), have been reported from the Anisian to Carnian of Agia Marina (Muttoni et al. 1994, 2014); and G. tethydis from Episkopi (along with G. carinata) and Agia Triada Agios Nikolaos Monastery, Malies, Pirghos, Vlichos, Eros, Tsigkri, Bisti, and Petassi Island (Römermann 1968; Dürkoop et al. 1986; Angiolini et al. 1992; Muttoni et al. 1994). Kauffmann in Fleury (1980), Steuber (1991), and Ardaens (1978) have found G. tethydis in the Olenekian to Norian of Psilovrakhos and the Anisian to Ladinian of Mt. Helicon, Mt. Vardoussia, and Galaxidi (Central Greece), while De Bono et al. (2001) described G. tethydis and G. malayensis in the Carnian of Evia.

• Gnathodus Pander, 1856

Type Species

Gnathodus mosquensis Pander, 1856.

Identified Species in Greece

Gnathodus angustus, Gnathodus bilineatus bilineatus, Gnathodus commutatus commutatus, Gnathodus commutatus homopunctatus, Gnathodus commutatus nodosus, Gnathodus cuneiformis, Gnathodus delicatus, Gnathodus girtyi, Gnathodus noduliferus, Gnathodus cf. opimus, Gnathodus praebilineatus, Gnathodus punctatus, Gnathodus cf. roundyi, Gnathodus semiglaber, Gnathodus n. sp. aff. sicilianus, Gnathodus texanus, Gnathodus wapanuckensis, Gnathodus sp.

Distribution

The genus Gnathodus has been mainly reported from the Carboniferous of Chios Island and specifically from Keramos, Kourounia–Nenitouria, Melanios–Agio Galas, Parparia, Potamia, Kipouries, Volisos, and Agios Georgios Sykousis with 13 species and 4 subspecies (Herget and Roth 1968; Roth 1968; Tietze 1969; Groves et al. 2003; Zanchi et al. 2003). Furthermore, Krahl et al. (1983) have described one species, G. angustus, in the late Carboniferous of Sfinari (West Crete Island).

• Gondolella Stauffer and Plummer, 1932

Type Species

Gondolella elegantula Stauffer and Plummer, 1932.

Identified Species in Greece

Gondolella aegaea, Gondolella arcuata, Gondolella asiatica, Gondolella bakalovi, Gondolella basisymmetrica, Gondolella b. bifurcata, Gondolella b. hanbulogi, Gondolella bulgarica, Gondolella constricta, Gondolella cornuta, Gondolella denuda, Gondolella eotrammeri, Gondolella excelsa, Gondolella excentrica, Gondolella f. foliata, Gondolella f. inclinata, Gondolella f. pseudobifurcata, Gondolella f. fueloepi, Gondolella gujioensis, Gondolella idahoensis, Gondolella intermedia, Gondolella jubata, Gondolella laevis, Gondolella liebermani, Gondolella mombergensis, Gondolella navicula, Gondolella navicula hallstattensis, Gondolella nepalensis, Gondolella orientalis, Gondolella planata, Gondolella polygnathiformis, Gondolella regale, Gondolella subcarinata, Gondolella aff. szaboi, Gondolella tadpole, Gondolella tethydis, Gondolella timorensis, Gondolella trammeri, Gondolella sp. ex aff. Gondolella auriformis, Gondolella sp.

Distribution

The genus Gondolella has been described with many species and subspecies from several localities of the Greek peninsula. The most complete section from Upper Carboniferous to Upper Triassic, referred to Crete Island and specifically in Sfinari and Voutas (West Crete) but also in Myrsini, Tripokefala, and Skopi (East Crete) (Krahl et al. 1983, 1986; Kozur and Krahl 1984). Most of the species were catalogued from several localities of Hydra Island (Muttoni et al. 1994, 1997; Angiolini et al. 1992; Dürkoop et al. 1986; Huckriede 1958; Bender and Kockel 1963). Argolis is the third important area where several species were found in the Triassic sediments of Asklipieion Epidaurus, Adhami, Iliokastro/Kastro Hill, Alogomandra, and Theokafta (Mauvier in Decourt 1964; Baumgartner 1985; Dürkoop et al. 1986; Krystyn and Mariolakos 1975; Bender et al. 1960; Huckriede 1958), while they have been found also in the Middle to Late Triassic of Messinia in Mathia–Achladochori and Mt. Ithome (Kozur in Thiebault 1982; Terry 1969). Representatives of this genus have also been reported from the Anisian to Ladinian of Mt. Helicon of Beotia (Steuber 1991; Clement 1977); the Olenekian to late Anisian of Mt. Parnis in Attica (Bender and Kockel 1963), Marathovouno, and Marmarotrapeza of Chios Island (Muttoni et al. 1995; Bender and Kockel 1963; Gaetani et al. 1992; Jacobshagen et al. 1993); and the Anisian to Norian of Mt. Othrys, Mt. Vardoussia, and Galaxidi (Ferriere 1974; Ardaens 1978) of Central Greece.

• Grodella Kozur and Mostler, 1970

Type Species

Grodella delicatula (Mosher, 1968).

Identified Species in Greece

Grodella delicatula.

Remarks

In the Hellenic material, only the species Grodella delicatula has been found in the Anisian to Norian of Profitis Ilias (Peloponnesus) (Vrielynck 1978a).

• Hadrodontina Staesche, 1964

Type Species

Hadrodontina anceps Staesche, 1964.

Identified Species in Greece

Hadrodontina anceps, Hadrodontina sp.

Distribution

Krahl et al. (1983) have found the species Hadrodontina anceps in the Greek material only in the Lower Triassic of Voutas (West Crete Island), while Tietze (1969) reported Hadrodontina sp. from the Induan to Ladinian of Marathovouno and the Carboniferous of Agios Georgios Sykousis of Chios Island.

• Hibbardella Ulrich and Bassler, 1926

Type Species

Prioniodus angulatus Hinde, 1879.

Identified Species in Greece

Hibbardella lautissima, Hibbardella magnidentata, Hibbardella cf. nevadensis, Hibbardella triassica, Hibbardella zapfei, Hibbardella sp.

Distribution

In the Hellenic peninsula, the genus Hibbardella presents six representatives. H. lautissima has been reported from the Anisian to Ladinian of Mt. Helicon in Beotia (Steuber 1991) and from Adhami of Argolis area (Dürkoop et al. 1986). The most common species found is H. magnidentata which has been reported from the Middle to Late Triassic of Mt. Helicon of Beotia (Steuber 1991), from Karafotia–Trahla and Stefanion of Argolis area (Vrielynck 1978a, 1980), and finally from Nafpaktos (Vrielynck in Fleury 1980). Bender (1968b) and Tietze (1969) have reported H. triassica from Marathovouno and Parthenis of Chios Island and Hibardella sp. from Metochi–Megali Rachi and Rema Armenis, the Middle Devonian of Parthenis, and the Carboniferous of Agios Georgios Sykousis (Roth 1968; Tietze 1969). Finally, Flament (1973) has found H. zapfei only in the Carnian to Norian of Drimos of Achaia Peloponnesus.

• Hibbardelloides Kozur and Mostler, 1970

Type Species

Hibbardelloides acroforme (Mosher and Clark 1965).

Identified Species in Greece

Hibbardelloides acroforme.

Distribution

Steuber, in 1991, catalogued in the Greek material H. acroforme from the Anisian to Ladinian of Mt. Helicon in Beotia.

• Hindeodella Ulrich and Bassler, 1926

Subgenus

Hindeodella (Metaprioniodus) Huddle, 1934

Type Species

Hindeodella subtilis Ulrich and Bassler, 1926.

Identified Species in Greece

Hindeodella andrusovi, ★Hindeodella bitorta, Hindeodella bogschi, ★Hindeodella ceweki, Hindeodella equidentata, Hindeodella (Metaprioniodus) andrusovi, Hindeodella (Metaprioniodus) andrusovi andrusovi, Hindeodella (Metaprioniodus) andrusovi koeveskalensis, Hindeodella (Metaprioniodus) bicuspidata, Hindeodella (Metaprioniodus) koeveskalensis, Hindeodella (Metaprioniodus) multihamata, Hindeodella (Metaprioniodus) pectiniformis, Hindeodella (Metaprioniodus) spengleri, Hindeodella (Metaprioniodus) suevica, Hindeodella multihamata, Hindeodella pectiniformis, Hindeodella petrae-viridis, Hindeodella priscilla, Hindeodella raridenticulata, Hindeodella spengleri sapanlii, Hindeodella spengleri spengleri, ★Hindeodella stoppeli, Hindeodella suevica, Hindeodella triassica, Hindeodella triassica triassica , Hindeodella uniforma, Hindeodella sp.

Distribution

The genus Hindeodella has been described from the Greek peninsula from several localities, including three new species. Their record started with the description of H. equidentata, H. priscilla, and Hindeodella sp. from the Silurian to Upper Devonian to lower Carboniferous of several localities of Chios Island (Kauffmann 1965; Herget and Roth 1968; Roth 1968) and the Permian/Triassic boundary of Episkopi Hydra Island (Römermann 1968), continued with H. bitorta, H. triassica Metochi–Megali Rachi (Roth 1968), the Lower to Middle Triassic of Chios Island (Bender 1968a, b; Tietze 1969), the Middle Triassic (Anisian to Ladinian) from Mt. Helicon of Beotia (Steuber 1991), and Alogomandra, Asklipieion Epidaurus, and Adhami of Argolis (Bender et al. 1960; Dürkoop et al. 1986; Huckriede 1958; Vrielynck 1978a, 1980). The Middle to Late Triassic was found in Argolis (Theokafta and Profitis Ilias, Vrielynck 1978a; Mauvier in Decourt 1964; Bender et al. 1960) and in Hydra and Petassi Islands (Römermann 1968; Huckriede 1958) and in Central Greece (Ardaens 1978; Vrielynck in Fleury 1980). Finally, the Late Triassic (Carnian to Norian) has been described from Karpenisi to Fragista and Psilovrakhos (Fleury 1980) and Priolithos, Theokafta, Karafotia–Trahla, and Mavrovouni–Prosimi of Peloponnesus (Bender 1968b; Bender et al. 1960; Flament 1973; Vrielynck 1978a, 1980).

Remarks

Three Hindeodella species have been identified for the first time from the Lower and Middle Triassic limestones of Marathovouno in Chios Island, by Bender in 1968b. Hindeodella bitorta and Hindeodella ceweki correspond to the Early Anisian , while Hindeodella stoppeli corresponds to the Olenekian.

• Hindeodus Rexroad and Furnish, 1964

Type Species

Spathognathodus cristulus Youngquist and Miller, 1949.

Identified Species in Greece

Hindeodus julfensis, Hindeodus minutus, Hindeodus typicalis, Hindeodus sp.

Distribution

The species of H. typicalis and H. julfensis have been found in the Lopingian (late Permian) of Hydra Island by Argyriou et al. (2017) and Angiolini et al. (1992) and in Wuchiapingian of Agios Taxiarchis and Episkopi by Nestell and Wardlaw (1987), while H. minutus (with Hindeodus sp.) has been described from the early to middle Permian of Myrsini (East Crete Island) and Carboniferous of Sfinari and Voutas (West Crete) by Krahl et al. in 1986 and in 1983, respectively.

• Icriodus Branson and Mehl, 1938

Type Species

Icriodus expansus Branson and Mehl, 1938.

Identified Species in Greece

Icriodus alternatus, Icriodus symmetricus, Icriodus sp.

Distribution

The two representatives of the genus Icriodus have been found in the late Devonian of Kambia, while Icriodus sp. has been reported in Katavasi, Potamia, and Kipouries of Chios Island (Herget and Roth 1968; Roth 1968).

• Icriospathodus Krahl et al., 1983

Type Species

Neospathodus collinsoni Solien, 1979.

Identified Species in Greece

Icriospathodus collinsoni.

Distribution

Krahl et al. (1983) have found the species of Icriospathodus collinsoni only in the Early Triassic of Voutas (West Crete Island).

• Idiognathodus Gunnell, 1931

Type Species

Idiognathodus claviformis Gunnell, 1931.

Identified Species in Greece

Idiognathodus tersus, Idiognathodus togashii.

Distribution

Krahl et al. (1983) have reported the two representatives of Idiognathodus from the late Carboniferous of Sfinari from West Crete.

• Idiognathoides Harris and Hollingsworth, 1933

Type Species

Idiognathoides sinuata Harris and Hollingsworth, 1933.

Identified Species in Greece

Idiognathoides attenatus, Idiognathoides cf. convexus, Idiognathoides ouachitensis, Idiognathoides sinuatus.

Distribution

Krahl et al. (1983) have reported the species of I. sinuatus from the late Carboniferous of Sfinari (West Crete Island), while the other representatives of this genus have been found by Tietze (1969) in the Carboniferous of Vrontados and Agios Georgios Sykousis of Chios Island.

• Iranognathus Kozur et al., 1975

Type Species

Iranognathus unicostatus Kozur, Mostler and Rahimi–Yazd, 1975.

Identified Species in Greece

Iranognathus sp.

Distribution

The genus Iranognathus has been reported only from the early to middle Permian of Myrsini (East Crete Island) by Krahl et al. (1986).

• Kockelella Walliser, 1957

Type Species

Kockelella patula Walliser, 1964.

Identified Species in Greece

Kockelella patula, Kockelella variabilis.

Distribution

The species of K. patula has been found in the Devonian of Kipouries and Volisos (Herget and Roth 1968; Roth 1968), while K. variabilis has been reported only from the Silurian of Kardamyla of Chios Island (Kauffmann 1965).

• Ligonodina Ulrich and Bassler, 1926

Type Species

Ligonodina pectinata Ulrich and Bassler, 1926.

Identified Species in Greece

Ligonodina salopia, Ligonodina silurica, Ligonodina sp.

Distribution

Kauffmann (1965) and Herget and Roth (1968) have described the two representatives of the genus Ligonodina from the Silurian to Devonian of Kardamyla, Katavasi, and Kipouries, while Tietze (1969) has reported Ligonodina sp. from Agia Anna and Agios Georgios Sykousis of Chios Island.

• Lochriea Scott, 1942

Type Species

Lochriea montanaensis (Scott, 1942).

Identified Species in Greece

Lochriea commutata, Lochriea mononodosa.

Distribution

The two representative species of the genus Lochriea have been described from the late Visean/earlier Serpukhovian of Kourounia–Nenitouria (Groves et al. 2003) and Selino–Amani of Chios Island (Zanchi et al. 2003).

• Lonchodina Ulrich and Bassler, 1926

Type Species

Lonchodina typicalis Ulrich and Bassler, 1926.

Identified Species in Greece

Lonchodina discreta, Lonchodina greilingi, Lonchodina hungarica, Lonchodina latidentata, Lonchodina muelleri, Lonchodina? posterognathus, Lonchodina spengleri, Lonchodina venusta, Lonchodina walliseri, Lonchodina sp.

Distribution

In the Hellenic material, ten species have been catalogued from the genus Lonchodina. In Chios Island L. greilingi and L. walliseri have been reported from the Silurian to Devonian of Kardamyla, Kipouries, Volisos, Katavasi, Agia Anna Parthenis, and Agios Georgios Sykousis (Kauffmann 1965; Herget and Roth 1968; Roth 1968; Tietze 1969), while L. spengleri, L latidentata, L. mulleri, L. venusta, and L. discrteta from the Olenekian to Anisian of Katavasi, Metochi–Megali Rachi, Anavatos, Rema Armenis, Latomi, Marmarotapeza Kephalovouni, Agia Anna, Parthenis, Korakaris, and Marathovouno (Bender 1968a, b; Roth 1968; Tietze 1969). Furthermore, in Argolis L. muelleri, L. spengleri, L. venusta, L. latidentata, and L. discreta have been reported from the Middle to Upper Triassic of Adhami, Alogomandra, Theokafta, and Asklipieion Epidaurus (Bender et al. 1960; Bender 1968b; Huckriede 1958; Mauvier in Decourt 1964). Lonchodina? posterognathus and L. hungarica have been reported from the late Anisian to Norian of Mt. Vardoussia and Mt. Helicon (Ardaens 1978; Steuber 1991), and finally Lonchodina species have been found in the Carnian of Mandraki–Hydra Chora of Hydra Island and Petassi Island (Huckriede 1958; Römermann 1968).

• Metalonchodina Branson and Mehl, 1941

Type Species

Metalonchodina bidentata (Gunnell, 1931).

Identified Species in Greece

Metalonchodina digitiformis.

Distribution

Mauvier in Decourt (1964) has catalogued M. digitiformis from the Anisian to Carnian of Theokafta (Argolis) in Peloponnesus.

• Metapolygnathus Hayasi, 1968

Type Species

Metapolygnathus communisti Hayasi, 1968.

Identified Species in Greece

Metapolygnathus abneptis abneptis, Metapolygnathus bidentatus, Metapolygnathus communisti communisti, Metapolygnathus communisti parvus, Metapolygnathus echinatus, Metapolygnathus hungaricus, Metapolygnathus japonicus, Metapolygnathus mirautae, Metapolygnathus mostleri, Metapolygnathus multidentatus, ★Metapolygnathus multinodosus, Metapolygnathus mungoensis, Metapolygnathus nodosus, Metapolygnathus parvus, Metapolygnathus polyganthiformis, Metapolygnathus posterus, Metapolygnathus primitius, Metapolygnathus pseudodiebeli, Metapolygnathus spengleri, Metapolygnathus cf. tadpole, Metapolygnathus zoae, Metapolygnathus sp.

Distribution

The genus Metapolygnathus has been reported from four different Hellenic areas with 21 species and 3 subspecies. In particular, nine species have been reported from Argolis in Adhami, while Noyan and Kozur (2007) catalogued six species from the upper Carnian to lower Norian of Stefanion Section. M. polyganthiformis was a common species found in Karafotia–Trahla, Profitis Ilias, Asklipieion Epidaurus, and Midhea (Vrielynck 1978a, b), in Mathia Achladochori of Messinia Peloponnesus (Kozur in Thiebault 1982), but also in the Anisian to Norian of Nafpaktos, Karpenisi–Fragista, Mt. Vardoussia, and Koutsouros Kokkinovrakhos of Central Greece (Ardaens 1978; Vrielynck in Fleury 1980). Metapolygnathus species have been found in the Carnian–Norian of Mandraki–Hydra Chora, Kaminia, Palamidas and Agia Marina, of Hydra and Kivotos Islands (Dürkoop et al. 1986). Finally, three species have been described from Sfinari and Voutas, Crete Island (Krahl et al. 1983; Kozur and Krahl 1984).

Remarks

M. multinodosus Noyan 2007 has been identified in Argolis in a section northeast of Stefanion, south of Mt. Rakhi Stefaniou (Noyan and Kozur 2007), and it corresponds to the latest Carnian.

• Metaprioniodus Huddle, 1934

Type Species

Metaprioniodus biangulatus Huddle, 1934.

Identified Species in Greece

Metaprioniodus benderi, Metaprioniodus sp.

Distribution

The two representatives of Metaprioniodus have been found only in the Anisian to Norian of Mt. Vardoussia in Central Greece by Ardaens, in 1978.

• Misikella Kozur and Mock, 1974

Type Species

Misikella longidentata Kozur and Mock, 1974.

Identified Species in Greece

Misikella hernsteini.

Distribution

Vrielynck (1978a, 1980) has reported M. hernsteini only from the Ladinian to Norian of Midhea and Mavrovouni–Prosimi in Argolis Peloponnesus.

• Neocavitella Sudar and Budurov, 1979

Type Species

Neocavitella cavitata Sudar and Budurov, 1979.

Identified Species in Greece

Neocavitella tatrica.

Distribution

Muttoni et al. (2014) have catalogued the species of N. tatrica from the Ladinian of the Agia Marina (Hydra Island).

• Neognathodus Dunn, 1970

Type Species

Polygnathus bassleri Harris and Hollingsworth, 1933.

Identified Species in Greece

Neognathodus bassleri, Neognathodus symmetricus, Neognathodus sp.

Distribution

Krahl et al. (1983) have found the three species of the genus Neognathodus only in the late Carboniferous of Sfinari (West Crete Island).

• Neogondolella Bender and Stoppel, 1965

Type Species

Gondolella mombergensis Tatge, 1956.

Identified Species in Greece

★Neogondolella aegaea, Neogondolella constricta, Neogondolella leveni, Neogondolella mombergensis, Neogondolella navicula, Neogondolella navicula hallstatensis, Neogondolella navicula navicula, Neogondolella navicula steinbergensis, Neogondolella orientalis, ★Neogondolella palata, Neogondolella polygnathiformis, Neogondolella regale, Neogondolella tadpole, Neogondolella timorensis timorensis, Neogondolella sp.

Distribution

In the Hellenic material, Neogondolella has been found mainly in Hydra Island with N. navicula in the Carnian to Norian of Kaminia and Petassi (Dürkoop et al. 1986; Römermann 1968) and N. palata in Kivotos Island (Römermann 1968), while N. leveni and N. orientalis characterized the Lopingian of Episkopi, Agios Taxiarchis, and Klimaki (Nestell and Wardlaw 1987). Five species have been catalogued from the Theokafta, Asklipieion, and Karafotia–Trahla of Argolis (Bender 1968b; Vrielynck 1978a, b, 1980). Furthermore, N. aegaea along with N. mombergensis has been found in five localities of Chios Island (Bender 1968b; Roth 1968; Besenecker et al. 1968; Tietze 1969; Assereto et al. 1980). Vrielynck in Fleury (1980) described N. navicula steinbergensis from the Olenekian to Norian of Psilovrakhos, and Ardaens (1978) has reported five species from the Anisian to Norian of East Mt. Koziakas, Koutsouros–Kokkinovrakhos, and Mt. Vardoussia of Central Greece.

Remarks

The genus Neogondolella with two species have been described from Greece by Bender in 1968b, although Neogondolella as genus has been initially introduced by Bender and Stoppel in 1965. Neogondolella aegaea has been identified in the lower Anisian limestones of Marathovouno in Chios Island while Neogondolella palata in the early Carnian of Theokafta in Argolis.

• Neohindeodella Kozur, 1968

Type Species

Hindeodella triassica Müller, 1956.

Identified Species in Greece

Neohindeodella cf. requiramosa, Neohindeodella dropla, Neohindeodella summesbergeri praecursor, Neohindeodella summesbergeri summesbergeri, Neohindeodella triassica, Neohindeodella triassica aequidentata, Neohindeodella triassica kobayashi, Neohindeodella triassica riegeli, Neohindeodella triassica triassica, Neohindeodella triassica ziegleri.

Distribution

Three species and seven subspecies have been catalogued from the genus Neohindeodella, in the Hellenic material. The most common found is the subspecies, N. triassica triassica, that characterized the Middle to Late Triassic of Mt. Helicon of Beotia (Steuber 1991), Trapezona, Asklipieion Epidaurus, Midhea, Profitis Ilias, Mavrovouni–Prosimi, and Karafotia–Trahla (along with N. summesbergeri praecursor) of Argolis area (Vrieynck 1978a, b, 1980) and the Olenekian to Norian of Psilovrakhos, Mt. Iti, Kotsilieri Central Greece (Wigniolle 1977; Ardaens 1978; Vrielynck in Fleury 1980). The subspecies of N. triassica riegeli has been found almost in the same localities as the N. triassica triassica, while N. dropla has been found in the Middle to Late Triassic of Mt. Helicon (Beotia) (Steuber 1991), Nafpaktos (Vrielynck in Fleury 1980), Mathia–Achladochori of Messinia Peloponnesus (Kozur in Thiebault 1982), Mt. Vardoussia, Mt. Koziakas, and Kokkinovrakhos along with other Neohindeodella species (Ardaens 1978). N. triassica and Neohindeodella sp. have been reported from the Early Triassic of Myrsini, Skopi, and Tripokefala of Crete Island (Krahl et al. 1986), and N. triassica ziegleri has been reported in Karpenisi–Fragista (Vrielynck in Fleury 1980).

• Neoplectospathodus Kozur and Mostler, 1970

Type Species

Neoplectospathodus muelleri Kozur and Mostler, 1970.

Identified Species in Greece

Neoplectospathodus muelleri, Neoplectospathodus sp.

Distribution

Steuber (1991) reported the species of N. muelleri and Neoplectospathodus sp. only in the Anisian to Ladinian of Mt. Helicon of Beotia.

• Neoprioniodus Rhodes and Müller, 1956

Type Species

Prioniodus conjuctus Gunnell, 1931.

Identified Species in Greece

Neoprioniodus bicurvatus, Neoprioniodus cf. bicuspidatus, Neoprioniodus excavatus, Neoprioniodus latidentatus, Neoprioniodus multiformis, Neoprioniodus subcarnus, Neoprioniodus sp.

Distribution

The species of N. bicurvatus has been found only in the late Devonian of Katavasi and Agia Anna (Tietze 1969; Herget and Roth 1968) while the N. subcarnus only in the middle Silurian of Kardamyla (Kauffmann 1965). The rest of the species found in the Hellenic material has been reported in Potamia, Kipouries, Volisos, Anavatos, Agios Markos, and Kardamyla of Chios Island (Kauffmann 1965; Herget and Roth 1968; Roth 1968; Tietze 1969).

• Neospathodus Mosher, 1968

Type Species

Spathognathodus cristagalli Huckriede, 1958.

Identified Species in Greece

Neospathodus cf. aequiramosa, Neospathodus cristagalli, Neospathodus dieneri, Neospathodus germanicus, Neospathodus hernsteini, Neospathodus homeri, Neospathodus kockeli, Neospathodus longiusculus, Neospathodus pakistanensis, Neospathodus triangularis, Neospathodus waageni, Neospathodus sp.

Distribution

Almost all the representatives of the genus Neospathodus have been reported from the Island of Crete (Krahl et al. 1983, 1986). N. kockeli has only been found in the Early to Middle Triassic of Agia Triada, Vlichos, Pirghos, and Agia Marina of Hydra Island (Angiolini et al. 1992; Muttoni et al. 1997) and N. hernsteini in the Carnian to Norian of Mt. Iti (Wigniolle 1977), in Drimos and Klitoria of Achaia Peloponnesus (Flament 1973; Vrielynck in Fleury 1980), and in Mt Koziakas (Ardaens 1978). The most common species are N. homeri and N. triangularis that have been reported from Adhami (Argolis) (Dürkoop et al. 1986), Marathovouno and Marmarotrapeza Chios Island (Assereto et al. 1980; Muttoni et al. 1995; Gaetani et al. 1992; Jacobshagen et al. 1993), and Episkopi Hydra Island (Dürkoop et al. 1986). Neospathodus species have been also found in Mt. Vardoussia and Koutsouros–Kokkinovrakhos of Central Greece (Ardaens 1978).

• Nicoraella Kozur, 1980

Type Species

Ozarkodina kockeli Tatge, 1956.

Identified Species in Greece

Nicoraella germanica, Nicoraella kockeli.

Distribution

N. kockeli has been catalogued in the Olenekian to Anisian of Adhami (Argolis Peloponnesus) while N. germanica in the late Anisian of Tsigkri (Hydra Island) by Dürkoop et al. (1986).

• Norigondolella Kozur, 1990

Type Species

Paragondolella steinbergensis Mosher, 1968.

Identified Species in Greece

Norigondolella kozuri, Norigondolella navicula, Norigondolella steinbergensis, Norigondolella sp.

Distribution

All representatives of the genus Norigondolella have been catalogued from the early to middle Norian of Agia Marina, Hydra Island (Muttoni et al. 2014).

• Oncodella Mosher, 1968

Type Species

Oncodella idiodentica Mosher, 1968.

Identified Species in Greece

Oncodella pausidentata.

Distribution

Vrielynck (1978a, 1980) has reported O. pausidentata from the late Triassic of Mavrovouni–Prosimi (Argolis), while Flament (1973) and Vrielynck in Fleury (1980) in Priolithos–Drimos and Klitoria of Achaia of Peloponnesus.

• Oneotodus Lindström, 1954

Type Species

Distacodus simplex Furnish, 1938.

Identified Species in Greece

Oneotodus sp.

Distribution

Herget and Roth (1968) and Roth (1968) have found the genus Oneotodus only in the Devonian of Kipouries and Volisos of Chios Island.

• Ozarkodina Branson and Mehl, 1933

Type Species

Ozarkodina typica Branson and Mehl, 1933

Identified Species in Greece

Ozarkodina crassa, Ozarkodina delicatula, Ozarkodina denckmanni, ★Ozarkodina? fisticulata, Ozarkodina kockeli, Ozarkodina media, Ozarkodina saginata, Ozarkodina sweeti, Ozarkodina tortilis, ★Ozarkodina turgida, Ozarkodina typica denckmanni, Ozarkodina cf. ziegleri, Ozarkodina ziegleri ziegleri, Ozarkodina sp.

Distribution

Ozarkodina tortilis has been the most widespread representative of the genus, in the Hellenic peninsula, as it has been reported from Mt. Helicon of Beotia (Steuber 1991), Nafpaktos, Psilovrakhos, Kotsilieri, and Mt. Vardoussia of Central Greece (Flament 1973; Ardaens 1978), Tripokefala of East Crete Island (Krahl et al. 1986), and Drimos and Priolithos of Peloponnesus (Vrielynck in Fleury; Flament 1973). It has also been found in 16 localities of Chios Island, along with other species as Ozarkodina ? fisticulata (Bender 1968a, b; Bender and Kockel 1963; Herget and Roth 1968; Roth 1968; Tietze 1969) and seven localities of Argolis (Bender et al. 1960, 1968b; Dürkoop et al. 1986; Vrielynck 1978a, 1980; Mauvier in Decourt 1964; Huckriede 1958), and in Petassi Island of Hydra (Römermann 1968). Furthermore, in Hydra Island Ozarkodina species have been reported from the Late Triassic of Mandraki–Hydra Chora (Muttoni et al. 1994; Angiolini et al. 1992; Huckriede 1958). Krahl et al. (1986) described O. turgida and O. sweeti from the Myrsini, Tripokefala, and Skopi of Crete Island. Earlier, Kauffmann (1965) catalogued four species from the Silurian of Kardamyla of Chios Island.

Remarks

Two species of Ozarkodina have been identified and described from the Triassic limestones of Marathovouno in Chios Island by Bender in 1968b. Ozarkodina ? fisticulata corresponds to the Olenekian to Anisian boundary, whereas Ozarkodina turgida characterizes Olenekian.

• Pachycladina Staesche, 1964

Type Species

Pachycladina obliqua Staesche, 1964.

Identified Species in Greece

Pachycladina inclinata, Pachycladina longispinosa, Pachycladina symmetrica, Pachycladina sp.

Distribution

The representatives of the genus Pachycladina have been described from the Early Triassic of Sfinari and Kambos of West Crete Island (Krahl et al. 1983), while Pachycladina ? sp. has been found in the Olenekian to Anisian of Parthenis of Chios Island (Tietze 1969).

• Palmatolepis Ulrich and Bassler, 1926

Type Species

Palmatolepis perlobata Ulrich and Bassler, 1926.

Identified Species in Greece

Palmatolepis crepida crepida, Palmatolepis delicatula clarki, Palmatolepis delicatula delicatula, Palmatolepis distorta, Palmatolepis elongata, Palmatolepis gigas, Palmatolepis glabra elongata, Palmatolepis glabra glabra, Palmatolepis glabra pectinata, Palmatolepis gracilis gracilis, Palmatolepis gracilis sigmoidalis, Palmatolepis helmsi, Palmatolepis minuta minuta, Palmatolepis perlobata perlobata, Palmatolepis perlobata schindewolfi, Palmatolepis perlobata sigmoidea, Palmatolepis proversa, Palmatolepis punctata, Palmatolepis quadrantinodosa inflexa, Palmatolepis quadrantinodosa inflexoidea, Palmatolepis quadrantinodosa marginifera, Palmatolepis quadrantinodosa lobata, Palmatolepis regularis, Palmatolepis rhomboidea, Palmatolepis rugosa cf. ampla, Palmatolepis rugosa grossi, Palmatolepis rugosa postera, Palmatolepis rugosa rugosa, Palmatolepis rugosa trachytera, Palmatolepis subperlobata, Palmatolepis subrecta, Palmatolepis tenuipunctata, Palmatolepis termini, Palmatolepis triangularis, Palmatolepis sp.

Distribution

The genus Palmatolepis, from the Hellenic material, is represented by 15 species and 20 subspecies that refer only to the Chios Island. In particular, Kauffmann (1965), Herget and Roth (1968), and Roth (1968) have catalogued the largest population of species from the late Devonian to early Carboniferous of Kardamyla, Kambia, Keramos, Melanios–Agio Galas, Parparia, Potamia, Kipouries, Volisos, and Katavasi, and Larghi et al. (2005) have reported only P. gracilis gracilis and P. gracilis sigmoidalis from the late Devonian of Kardamyla .

• Paltodus Pander, 1856

Type Species

Paltodus subaequalis Pander, 1856.

Identified Species in Greece

Paltodus recurvatus, Paltodus rotundatus, Paltodus sp.

Distribution

Herget and Roth (1968), Roth (1968), and Tietze (1969) have described the three representatives of the genus Paltodus from the Devonian of Potamia, Kipouries, Katavasi, and Agia Anna of Chios Island.

• Parachirognathus Clark, 1959

Type Species

Parachirognathus ethingtoni Clark, 1959.

Identified Species in Greece

Parachirognathus petrae-viridis.

Distribution

The species P. petrae-viridis has been described from the Anisian of Theokafta (Argolis) and Katavasi, Anavatos, Rema Armenis, and Marathovouno in Chios Island (Roth 1968; Bender 1968b; Tietze 1969), while it has been also reported from the late Anisian to Carnian of Petassi Island (Hydra Island) (Römermann 1968).

• Paragondolella Mosher, 1968

Type Species

Paragondolella navicula (Huckriede, 1958).

Identified Species in Greece

Paragondolella excelsa, Paragondolella foliata, Paragondolella inclinata, Paragondolella navicula, Paragondolella navicula navicula, Paragondolella navicula steinbergensis, Paragondolella polygnathiformis, Paragondolella praelindae, Paragondolella steinbergensis, Paragondolella tadpole.

Distribution

Five Paragondolella species characterize the early Carnian of Agia Marina of Hydra Island (Muttoni et al. 2014), while P. foliata and P. polygnathiformis have been also found in the Carnian of Evia (De Bono et al. 2001). Vrielynck (1978a, 1980) has reported four species from the Middle to Late Triassic of Profitis Ilias, Mavrovouni–Prosimi, Karafotia–Trahla, and Asklipieion (Argolis) that have also been found along with P. navicula in the Middle to Upper Triassic sediments of Priolithos (Peloponnesus) and Nafpaktos (Flament 1973, Vrielynck in Fleury 1980). P. navicula steinbergensis and P. polygnathiformis have been reported from the Carnian to Norian of Mt. Othrys (Ferriere 1974) and P. navicula from the Middle Triassic of Mt. Ithome (Terry 1969).

• Plectospathodus Branson and Mehl, 1933

Type Species

Plectospathodus flexuosus Branson and Mehl, 1933.

Identified Species in Greece

Plectospathodus extensus.

Distribution

P. extensus has been described only from the Silurian to Devonian of Kardamyla, Potamia, Katavasi, Kipouries, and Agia Anna from Chios Island (Kauffmann 1965; Herget and Roth 1968; Roth 1968).

• Pollognathus Kozur and Mostler, 1970

Type Species

Pollognathus sequens (Kozur, 1968).

Identified Species in Greece

Pollognathus germanicus.

Distribution

Vrielynck (1978a) has found the species of P. germanicus in the Anisian to Norian of Profitis Ilias (Argolis), while it has been found also in the same detected age of the deposits in Mt. Vardoussia (Central Greece) by Ardaens (1978).

• Polygnathoides Branson and Mehl, 1933

Type Species

Polygnathoides siluricus Branson and Mehl, 1933.

Identified Species in Greece

Polygnathoides emarginatus, Polygnathoides siluricus.

Distribution

The representatives of the genus Polygnathoides have been reported from the Silurian of Kardamyla and Agia Anna (Chios Island), by Kauffmann (1965) and Walliser in Tietze (1969).

• Polygnathus Hinde, 1879

Type Species

Polygnathus dubius Hinde, 1879.

Identified Species in Greece

Polygnathus abneptis, Polygnathus carinata, Polygnathus cf. inortata, Polygnathus communis, Polygnathus linguiformis, Polygnathus linguiformis linguiformis, Polygnathus mehli, Polygnathus mungoensis, Polygnathus cf. pura, Polygnathus nodocostata, Polygnathus styriaca, Polygnathus tethydis, Polygnathus vogesi, Polygnathus sp.

Distribution

The genus Polygnathus, from the Hellenic material, is represented by 13 species and 1 subspecies, and they mainly refer to Chios Island. Seven species have been reported from Kambia, Melanios–Agio Galas, Potamia, Kipouries, Katavasi, Kardamyla, and Marmarotrapeza (Larghi et al. 2005; Bender and Kockel 1963; Herget and Roth 1968; Roth 1968). In spite of that, Bender et al. (1960) have catalogued P. mehli, P. abneptis, and P. mungoensis from the Middle to Late Triassic of the Adhami, Theokafta, and Alogomandra of Argolis, and Huckriede (1958) and Mauvier in Decourt (1964) have described P. tethydis from Asklipieion Epidaurus and Theokafta, respectively. Nonetheless, representatives of the genus have been found in Mt. Parnis of Attica (late Tournaisian, Caridroit et al. 2000; Olenekian to early Anisian, Bender and Kockel 1963) and Agia Triada and Mandraki–Hydra of Hydra Island (Bender and Kockel 1963; Huckriede 1958). Finally, P. abneptis has been also described from the Carnian of Cape Foustapidima in Corfu Island (Huckriede 1958), while Clement in 1977 has described P. tethydis from the Anisian of Mt. Helicon in Beotia.

• Prioniodella Ulrich and Bassler, 1926

Type Species

Prioniodella normalis Ulrich and Bassler, 1926.

Identified Species in Greece

Prioniodella ctenoides, Prioniodella decrescens, Prioniodella pectiniformis, Prioniodella prioniodellides.

Distribution

The genus Prioniodella has been found in the Hellenic material in three localities with four representatives. All of them have been reported by Bender et al. (1960) and Bender (1968b), from the Carnian of the Theokafta (Argolis) and Chios Island, except for P. decrescens, which has been reported from the early Norian of Drimos Peloponnesus (Flament 1973) and Triassic of Mandraki–Hydra Chora and Petassi Island (Huckriede 1958; Römermann 1968). Some representatives have been reported from the Olenekian–Ladinian of Chios Island (Tietze 1969), while P. pectiniformis and P. ctenoides have been also described from the Anisian to Ladinian of Asklipieion Epidaurus (Argolis) (Huckriede 1958).

• Prioniodina Ulrich and Bassler, 1926

• Subgenus Prioniodina ( Cypridodella ) Mosher, 1968

Type Species

Prioniodina subcurvata Ulrich and Bassler, 1926.

Identified Species in Greece

Prioniodina (Cypridodella) muelleri, Prioniodina (Cypridodella) venusta, Prioniodina conflexa, Prioniodina ? dinodoides, Prioniodina excavata, Prioniodina kochi, Prioniodina latidentata, Prioniodina mediocris, Prioniodina mitzopouli, Prioniodina muelleri, Prioniodina petrae-viridis, Prioniodina cf. prona, Prioniodina pronoides, Prioniodina scolosculptura, Prioniodina spengleri, Prioniodina sweeti transita, Prioniodina sweeti-sweeti, Prioniodina venusta, Prioniodina sp.

Distribution

Τhe genus Prioniodina is widely distributed in Hellenic peninsula, mainly in Argolis Peloponnesus within nine Middle to Upper Triassic deposits (Bender et al. 1960; Bender 1968b; Dürkoop et al. 1986; Vrielynck 1978a, 1980; Mauvier in Decourt 1964; Huckriede 1958). Other representatives have been found at the Middle to Late Triassic in Messinia (Mathia–Achladochori; Kozur in Thiebault 1982) and Achaia of Peloponnesus (Priolithos; Flament 1973). Many species have also been reported from several localities of Central Greece (Lekkas 1986; Ardaens 1978; Kauffmann in Fleury 1980; Vrielynck in Fleury 1980; Wigniole 1977). Krahl et al. (1986) have found three species in the Early Triassic of Myrsini and Tripokefala of East Crete Island, while Bender (1968b), Bender and Kockel (1963), and Tietze (1969) have described Prioniodina species from the Anisian of Chios Island. P. kochi has been also described from Mandraki (Hydra) by Huckriede (1958), while later Steuber (1991) has catalogued five species from Mt. Helicon of Beotia.

• Pseudognathodus Perret, 1993

Type Species

Gnathodus homopunctatus Ziegler, 1960.

Identified Species in Greece

Pseudognathodus homopunctatus.

Distribution

Groves et al. (2003) have described P. homopunctatus from the late Famennian (late Devonian) of Kourounia–Nenitouria (Chios Island).

• Pseudopolygnathus Branson and Mehl, 1934b

Type Species

Pseudopolygnathus prima Branson and Mehl, 1934b.

Included Species

Pseudopolygnathus marburgensis, Pseudopolygnathus micropunctata, Pseudopolygnathus dentilineata, Pseudopolygnathus triangula triangula.

Distribution

Herget and Roth (1968), Roth (1968), and Larghi et al. (2005) have reported the genus Pseudopolygnathus from the Hellenic material and specifically with four representatives from the late Devonian to Carboniferous of Kambia, Parparia, Kipouries, Katavasi, and Kardamyla of Chios Island.

• Roundya Hass, 1953

Type Species

Roundya barnettana Hass, 1953.

Identified Species in Greece

Roundya lautissima, Roundya magnidentata, Roundya meissneri, Roundya sp.

Distribution

Bender et al. (1960) and Bender (1968b) have catalogued two species of the genus Roundya from the Carnian of Theokafta and Anisian to Ladinian of Alogomandra, while they have reported R. magnidentata from the Adhami of Argolis. Furthermore, R. lautissima has been described also from the Middle to Late Triassic of Asklipieion Epidaurus (Huckriede 1958), Theokafta Argolis (Mauvier in Decourt 1964), and Katavasi and Marathovouno of Chios Island (Roth 1968; Tietze 1969). Roundya species have been also reported from several localities of Chios Island (Roth 1968; Tietze 1969).

• Scaliognathus Branson and Mehl, 1941

Type Species

Scaliognathus anchoralis Branson and Mehl, 1941.

Identified Species in Greece

Scaliognathus anchoralis.

Distribution

Herget and Roth (1968) have found the species S. anchoralis only in the early Carboniferous of Parparia and Potamia of Chios Island.

• Scaphignathus Helms, 1959

Type Species

Scaphignathus velifera Ziegler, 1959.

Identified Species in Greece

Scaphignathus velifera.

Distribution

S. velifera has been reported only in the late Devonian of Kambia of Chios Island by Herget and Roth (1968).

• Sephardiella March, Budurov, Hirsch and Márquez–Aliaga, 1988

Type Species

Sephardiella mungoensis (Diebel, 1956).

Identified Species in Greece

Sephardiella mungoensis.

Distribution

Concerning the Hellenic material, De Bono et al. (2001) have found the species of S. mungoensis only in the Carnian of Evia.

• Siphonodella Branson and Mehl, 1944

Type Species

Siphonodella duplicata (Branson and Mehl, 1934b).

Identified Species in Greece

Siphonodella obsoleta.

Distribution

Herget and Roth (1968) have described this species from the early Carboniferous of Kambia, Melanios–Agio Galas, and Parparia of Chios Island.

• Spathognathodus Branson and Mehl, 1941

Type Species

Spathodus primus Branson and Mehl, 1933.

Identified Species in Greece

Spathognathodus bidentatus, Spathognathodus cf. cristagalli, ★Spathognathodus gondolelloides, ★Spathognathodus homeri, Spathognathodus inclinatus, Spathognathodus i. inclinatus, Spathognathodus inortatus, Spathognathodus orphanus, Spathognathodus pennatus pennatus, Spathognathodus stabilis, Spathognathodus steinhornensis cf. eosteinhornensis, Spathognathodus steinhornensis cf. remscheidensis, Spathognathodus strigosus, ★Spathognathodus triangularis, Spathognathodus sp.

Distribution

The genus Spathognathodus is represented by 12 species and 4 subspecies in the Hellenic material, which are mainly referred to Chios Island. Specifically, S. i. inclinatus and S. p. pennatus have been found in the Silurian of Kardamyla (Kauffmann 1965), whereas eight species have been found only in the late Devonian to early Carboniferous in 10 different localities (Herget and Roth 1968; Roth 1968; Tietze 1969), and other species have been found in 12 localities of Olenekian to Anisian sequences (Bender and Kockel 1963; Roth 1968; Tietze 1969; Tietze in Jacobshagen and Tietze 1974). Nevertheless, S. gondolelloides and S. homeri have been catalogued by Bender and Kockel (1963), from the Olenekian to early Anisian of Mt. Parnis (Attica), while they also have been found in the Permian/Triassic boundary of Episkopi Hydra Island (Römermann 1968) and the Anisian of Beotia (Clement 1977). Finally, S. orphanus has been reported only from the late Carboniferous of Sfinari (West Crete Island; Krahl et al. 1983).

Remarks

Bender in 1968b has described three new species of Spathognathodus from the Triassic limestones of Marathovouno of Chios Island. Spathognathodus homeri and Spathognathodus gondolelloides characterize the early Anisian, while Spathognathodus triangularis characterizes the Olenekian.

• Streptognathodus Stauffer and Plummer, 1932

Type Species

Streptognathodus excelsus Stauffer and Plummer, 1932.

Identified Species in Greece

Streptognathodus elegantulus, Streptognathodus ex. aff. elongatus, Streptognathodus gracilis, Streptognathodus ruzhencevi, Streptognathodus sp.

Distribution

S. ex. aff. elongatus has been reported from the Carboniferous of Chios Island (Agios Georgios Sykousis; Tietze 1969), while all the other representatives of the genus Streptognathodus have been found in the late Carboniferous of Sfinari in West Crete Island (Krahl et al. 1983).

• Subbryantodus Branson and Mehl, 1941

Type Species

Subbryantodus arcuatus Branson and Mehl, 1941.

Identified Species in Greece

Subbryantodus sp.

Distribution

Subbryantodus sp. has been found only in the Kasimovian of Agios Georgios Sykousis in Chios Island (Tietze 1969).

• Sweetognathus Clark, 1972

Type Species

Spathognathodus whitei Rhodes, 1963.

Identified Species in Greece

Sweetognathus bogoslovskajae.

Distribution

The species S. bogoslovskajae has been reported only from the Permian of Myrsini (East Crete Island), by Krahl et al. (1986).

• Synprioniodina Bassler, 1925

Type Species

Synprioniodina alternata Bassler, 1925.

Identified Species in Greece

Synprioniodina sp.

Distribution

In the Hellenic material Synprioniodina sp. has been described only from the Kasimovian of Chios (Agios Georgios Sykousis) by Tietze in 1969.

• ★Tardogondolella Bender, 1968b

Type Species

★Tardogondolella abneptis (Huckriede, 1958).

Identified Species in Greece

★Tardogondolella abneptis.

Distribution

Bender (1968b) has described T. abneptis from the Carnian of Theokafta (Argolis Peloponnesus). Furthermore, Dürkoop et al. (1986) have described it from Hydra Island and Römermann (1969) from Petassi and Kivotos Islands, while Tietze (1969) has found it in Korakaris (Chios Island).

Remarks

The genus Tardogondolella has been described for the first time from the Carnian of Theokafta Argolis, and it was attributed to the genus Polygnathus.

• Trichonodella ( Trichognathus ) Branson and Mehl, 1933

Type Species

Trichognathus prima Branson and Mehl, 1933.

Identified Species in Greece

Trichonodella excavata, Trichonodella inconstans, Trichonodella symmetrica, Trichonodella sp.

Distribution

The representatives of the genus Trichonodella have been catalogued by Kauffmann (1965), Herget and Roth (1968), Roth (1968), and Tietze (1969), only from four localities of the Silurian to late Devonian of Chios Island.

• Veghella Kozur and Mostler, 1970

Type Species

Veghella delicatula (Budurov, 1960).

Identified Species in Greece

Veghella delicatula.

Distribution

In the Greek material, V. delicatula has been found only in the late Anisian to Norian of Mt. Vardoussia (Central Greece), by Ardaens (1978).

• Xaniognathus Sweet, 1970

Type Species

Xaniognathus curvatus Sweet, 1970.

Identified Species in Greece

★Xaniognathus hydraensis, Xaniognathus turgidus, Xaniognathus sp.

Distribution

Krahl et al. (1983) have found X. turgidus and Xaniognathus sp. in the Early Triassic of Voutas (West Crete Island), while Nestell and Wardlaw (1987) have found X. hydraensis in the Wuchiapingian of Episkopi, Agios Taxiarchis, and Klimaki of Hydra Island.

Remarks

X. hydraensis has been described for the first time by Nestel and Wardlaw in 1987, from the Wuchiapingian of Hydra Island. The type locality is approximately 115 m above Agios Taxiarchis, and 7 m below the contact with the overlying Triassic Eros limestone, and consists also a limestone of the Permian sequence of Hydra Island.

6 Concluding Remarks

According to the data presented in this review work, conodonts from the Hellenic peninsula have been studied already from the beginning of 1960 until nowadays by a great number of researchers. The existence of these assemblages has been reported from several formations/outcrops around the Greek territory, spanning the Silurian to Triassic periods. Most of the sites belong to deposits of the Sub-Pelagonian geotectonic unit, while some of them belong to Pindos and Trypali units. Finally, only one site (Corfu) is reported from the Ionian unit. The aforementioned localities belong mainly to the central and south Greece. Distinctly, 5 of them referred to the mainland, Central Greece, Beotia, Evia, Attica, and Peloponnesus, while the rest to the 4 Islands of Hydra, Chios, Corfu, and Crete, with over than 80 localities and many more outcrops. The most studied regions are Argolida, Hydra, and Chios Island; nevertheless the most stratigraphically completed ones are Chios (Silurian to Upper Triassic) and Crete (upper Carboniferous to Upper Triassic) Islands. The total number of recorded genera is 90 with 348 representative species and 74 subspecies.

From the mainland, and specifically Central Greece, outcrops have been studied from Pyli Trikala, East Mt. Koziakas, Mt. Othrys, Mt. Iti (Latsinies), Mt. Vardoussia, Kotsilieri, Galaxidi (Koutsouros–Kokkinovrakhos), Psilovrakhos–Karpenisi–Fragista, and Nafpaktos. The conodont fauna of all these localities comprises 24 genera and indicates a Middle to Late Triassic age. In Beotia in Mt. Helicon, the conodont assemblage consists of 19 Middle to Late Triassic genera, while the assemblage from Evia contains only 5 species that suggest a Carnian age.

From Attica, Mt. Parnis, two outcrops have been studied: the first one indicates a lower Carboniferous deposit in spite of the second one that implies Lower to lower Middle Triassic. The most studied region of the mainland is Peloponnesus, distinguished into three main subregions: Achaia, Messinia, and Argolis. Achaia and Messinia have been studied from three outcrops each that comprise 13 and 5 genera, respectively, indicating Middle to Late Triassic deposits. Argolis conodont fauna has been described from 11 distinguished localities with 36 genera catalogued that suggest Triassic deposits. Most importantly, from Argolis material four new species have been described, Epigondolella rigoi Kozur 2007, Epigondolella stefanionensis Noyan 2007, Metapolygnathus multinodosus Noyan 2007, and Neogondolella palata Bender 1968b and the genus Tardogondolella Bender 1968b.

From the Greek archipelago, the conodont research focused on four islands. The first one, Corfu Island, is less studied, with only one species reported from a Carnian formation. Secondly, from Hydra Island, 19 localities (including 3 small nearby Islands) with more than 40 outcrops have been studied that comprise a late Permian to Late Triassic conodont fauna. Moreover, from Hydra’s material a new species was identified, Xaniognathus hydraensis Nestel and Wardlaw 1987. The conodont data, from Chios Island, that sum up into this review paper present the most stratigraphically complete record, with 17 Paleozoic, 11 Mesozoic distinguished localities, and many more outcrops, that suggest a continuous succession from Silurian to Carnian. Additionally, this material led Bender in 1968b to identify two new genera, Anastrophognathus and Neogondolella. He also described 14 new species: Anastrophognathus sagittalis, Apatognathus mitzopouli, Apatognathus radiatus, Ctenognathus chionensis, Gladigondolella carinata, Hindeodella bitorta, Hindeodella ceweki, Hindeodella stoppeli, Neogondolella aegaea, Ozarkodina ? fisticulata, Ozarkodina turgida, Spathognathodus gondolelloides, Spathognathodus homeri, and Spathognathodus triangularis. The last location, Crete Island, also presents a big stratigraphic range, with 9 localities and over than 25 genera that indicate a continuous succession from Upper Carboniferous to Upper Triassic. Our results contribute to a review of conodont assemblages and to a stratigraphic assessment of the Paleozoic and Mesozoic fossiliferous deposits from the Hellenic peninsula.

Appendix

List of Fossil Localities with Occurrences of Conodonts in Greece

Locality	Series/stages	Basic references
Taxa
Central Greece
Pyli Trikala	Upper Triassic (early to middle Norian)	1
Epigondolella echinata, Epigondolella permica, Prioniodina sweeti–sweeti
East Mt. Koziakas	Upper Triassic (Carnian to Norian)	2
Enantiognathus ziegleri, Epigondolella bidentata, Epigondolella nodosa, Epigondolella permica, Epigondolella postera, Epigondolella pseudodiebeli, Neohindeodella sp., Neogondolella navicula, Neogondolella navicula steinbergensis, Neogondolella polygnathiformis, Neogondolella tadpole, Neogondolella sp., Neospathodus hernsteini, Neospathodus sp., Prioniodina sweeti transita, Prioniodina (Cypridodella) muelleri, Prioniodina sp.
Mt. Othrys	Carnian to Norian	3
Epigondolella abneptis, Epigondolella bidentata, Epigondolella postera, Gondolella polygnathiformis, Paragondolella navicula steinbergensis, Paragondolella polygnathiformis
Mt. Iti (Latsinies)	Upper Triassic (late Carnian to early Norian)	4
Chirodella dinodoides, Epigondolella abneptis, Epigondolella bidentata, Epigondolella permica, Epigondolella postera, Neohindeodella triassica triassica, Neospathodus hernsteini, Prioniodina excavata
Mt. Vardoussia	Middle to Upper Triassic (late Anisian to Norian)	2, 5
Conodonts, Apatognathus mitzopouli, Chirodella dinodoides, Chirodella gracilis, Cornudina tortilis, Cratognathodus kochi, Didymodella cf. alternata, Didymodella sp., Diplododella meissneri, Diplododella thuringensis, Enantiognathus petrae-viridis, Enantiognathus ziegleri, Epigondolella abneptis, Epigondolella bidentata, Epigondolella nodosa, Epigondolella permica, Gladigondolella tethydis, Gondolella aegea, Gondolella bulgarica, Gondolella excelsa, Gondolella sp., Hindeodella (Metaprioniodus) andrusovi andrusovi, Hindeodella (Metaprioniodus) andrusovi koeveskalensis, Hindeodella (Metaprioniodus) suevica, Hindeodella stoppeli, Lonchodina ? posterognathus, Lonchodina hungarica, Metapolygnathus cf. tadpole, Metapolygnathus parvus, Metapolygnathus polygnathiformis, Metaprioniodus benderi, Metaprioniodus sp., Neogondolella navicula hallstattensis, Neogondolella navicula navicula, Neogondolella navicula steinbergensis, Neohindeodella cf. requiramosa, Neohindeodella dropla, Neohindeodella summesbergeri praecursor, Neohindeodella triassica, Neohindeodella triassica kobayashii, Neohindeodella triassica riegeli, Neohindeodella triassica triassica, Neospathodus cf. cristagalli, Neospathodus germanicus, Neospathodus homeri, Neospathodus triangularis, Neospathodus sp., Ozarkodina tortilis, Ozarkodina turgida, Pollognathus germanicus, Prioniodina (Cypridodella) muelleri, Prioniodina (Cypridodella) venusta, Prioniodina excavata, Prioniodina sp., Veghella delicatula
Kotsilieri	Middle to Upper Triassic (Anisian to Carnian)	2
Chirodella dinodoides, Diplododella bidentata, Epigondolella bidentata, Epigondolella permica, Neohindeodella triassica triassica, Ozarkodina tortilis, Prioniodina (Cypridodella) muelleri
Galaxidi (Koutsouros–Kokkinovrakhos)	Middle to Upper Triassic (Anisian to Norian)	2, 6
Conodonts, Chirodella dinodoides, Cornudina breviramulis minor, Cornudina oezdemirae, Enantiognathus petrae-viridis?, Enantiognathus ziegleri, Epigondolella permica, Gladigondolella tethydis, Gondolella sp., Hindeodella (Metaprioniodus) andrusovi andrusovi, Hindeodella (Metaprioniodus) splengeri, Hindeodella triassica triassica, Metapolygnathus polygnathiformis, Neogondolella navicula navicula, Neogondolella navicula steinbergensis, Neogondolella sp., Neohindeodella summesbergeri praecursor, Neohindeodella triassica kobayashii, Neohindeodella triassica triassica, Neospathodus cf. aequiramosa, Neospathodus cf. cristagalli, Neospathodus aff. germanicus, Neospathodus cf. kockeli, Prioniodina (Cypridodella) muelleri, Prioniodina (Cypridodella) venusta
Psilovrakhos–Karpenisi–Fragista	Triassic (Olenekian to Norian)	7
Anastrophognathus sagittalis, Chirodella dinodoides, Enantiognathus ziegleri, Epigondolella bidentata, Epigondolella diebeli, Epigondolella nodosa, Epigondolella permica, Epigondolella postera, Gladigondolella tethydis, Hindeodella pectiniformis, Hindeodella (Metaprioniodus) andrusovi, Hindeodella (Metaprioniodus) pectiniformis, Hindeodella (Metaprioniodus) spengleri, Neogondolella navicula steinbergensis, Neohindeodella triassica triassica, Neohindeodella triassica ziegleri, Ozarkodina tortilis, Prioniodina (Cypridodella) muelleri, Prioniodina (Cypridodella) venusta
Nafpaktos	Middle to Upper Triassic (late Ladinian to Carnian)	8
Chirodella dinodoides, Enantiognathus ziegleri, Epigondolella bidentata, Epigondolella nodosa, Epigondolella permica, Epigondolella postera, Hibbardella magnidentata, Metapolygnathus polygnathiformis, Neohindeodella dropla, Neohindeodella triassica triassica, Ozarkodina tortilis, Paragondolella excelsa, Paragondolella navicula navicula, Prioniodina (Cypridodella) muelleri
Beotia
Mt. Helicon	Middle Triassic (Anisian to Ladinian)	9, 10
Chirodella dinodoides, Cornudina breviramulis, Cornudina tortilis, Cratognathodus posterognathus agnulatus, Cratognathodus posterognathus posterognathus, Didymodella alternata, Diplododella bidentata, Enantiognathodus petraeviridis, Enantiognathodus ziegleri, Gladigondolella tethydis, Gondolella aegea, Gondolella bakalovi, Gondolella constricta, Gondolella eotrammeri, Gondolella excelsa, Gondolella trammeri, Hibbardella lautissima, Hibbardella magnidentata, Hibbardelloides acroforme, Hindeodella andrusovi, Hindeodella bogschi, Hindeodella multihamata, Hindeodella pectiniformis, Hindeodella spengleri sapanlii, Hindeodella spengleri spengleri, Hindeodella suevica, Lonchodina hungarica, Neohindeodella dropla, Neohindeodella triassica aequidentata, Neohindeodella triassica riegeli, Neohindeodella triassica triassica, Neoplectospathodus muelleri, Neolectospathodus sp., Ozarkodina tortilis, Polygnathus tethydis, Prioniodina mediocris, Prioniodina muelleri, Prioniodina pronoides, Prioniodina scolosculptura, Prioniodina venusta, Spathognathodus gondolelloides, Spathognathodus homeri
Evia
Xirovouni–Seta	Upper Triassic (Carnian)	11
Gladigondolella malayensis, Gladigondolella tethydis, Paragondolella foliata, Paragondolella polygnathiformis, Sephardiella mungoensis
Attica
Mt. Parnis	Mississippian (late Tournaisian)	12
Polygnathus mehli
Mt. Parnis	Lower to Middle Triassic (Olenekian to early Anisian)	13
Gondolella aegea, Polygnathus tethydis, Spathognathodus gondolelloides, Spathognathodus homeri
Peloponnesus
Priolithos–Drimos	Upper Triassic (Carnian to Norian)	14
Chirodella dinodoides, Cratognathodus kochi, Cypridodella conflexa, Cypridodella delicatula, Cypridodella mediocris, Cypridodella muelleri, Cypridodella sp., Diplododella bidentata, Diplododella magnidentata, Enantiognathus ziegleri, Epigondolella abneptis, Epigondolella bidentata, Epigondolella multidentata, Epigondolella primitia, Hibbardella zapfei, Hindeodella suevica, Hindeodella triassica, Hindeodella uniforma, Neospathodus hernsteini, Neospathodus sp., Oncodella pausidentata, Ozarkodina tortilis, Paragodolella navicula navicula, Paragondolella navicula steinbergensis, Paragondolella polygnathiformis, Prioniodella decrescens, Prioniodina excavata, Prioniodina petrae-viridis
Klitoria	Upper Triassic (late Carnian to Norian)	8
Epigondolella abneptis, Epigondolella bidentata, Epigondolella permica, Neospathodus hernsteini, Oncodella pausidentata, Paragondolella navicula steinbergensis
Mathia–Achladochori	Upper Triassic (late Carnian to early Norian)	15
Gondolella navicula hallstattensis, Gondolella polygnathiformis, Gondolella tadpole, Gondolella sp., Metapolygnathus abneptis abneptis, Metapolygnathus echinatus, Metapolygnathus primitius, Metapolygnathus pseudodiebeli, Neohindeodella dropla, Neohindeodella triassica triassica, Prioniodina (Cypridodella) muelleri
Mt. Ithome	Middle Triassic	16
Gondolella mombergensis, Paragondolella navicula
Asklipieion Epidaurus	Middle to Upper Triassic (Anisian to Carnian)	17–22
Anastrophognathus sagittalis, Apatognathus ziegleri, Chirodella dinodoides, Cornudina torilis, Didymodella alternata, Enantiognathus petrae-viridis, Enantiognathus ziegleri, Epigondolella abneptis, Epigondolella hungarica, Epigondolella mungoensis, Epigondolella nodosa, Epigondolella permica, Gladigondolella malayensis, Gladigondolella sp., Gladigondolella tethydis, Gondolella excelsa, Gondolella navicula, Gondolella polygnathiformis, Hindeodella (Metaprioniodus) cf. koeveskalensis, Hindeodella (Metaprioniodus) multihamata, Hindeodella (Metaprioniodus) suevica, Hindeodella petrae-viridis, Hindeodella triassica, Lonchodina latidentata, Lonchodina muelleri, Lonchodina spengleri, Lonchodina venusta, Metapolygnathus polygnathiformis, Neogondolella constricta, Neogondolella mombergensis, Neogondolella palata, Neohindeodella triassica triassica, Ozarkodina saginata, Ozarkodina tortilis, Paragondolella excelsa, Paragondolella navicula, Paragondolella polygnathiformis, Paragondolella tadpole, Polygnathus tethydis, Prioniodella ctenoides, Prioniodella pectiniformis, Prioniodina (Cypridodella) muelleri, Prioniodina (Cypridodella) venusta, Prioniodina ? dinodoides, Prioniodina kochi, Roundya lautissima
Theokafta	Middle to Upper Triassic (Anisian to Carnian)	23–25
Apatognathus ziegleri, ? Falcodus sp., Gladigondolella carinata, Gladigondolella tethydis, Gondolella navicula, Hindeodella multihamata, Hindeodella petrae-viridis, Hindeodella triassica, Lonchodina discreta, Lonchodina muelleri, Lonchodina spengleri, Lonchodina venusta, Metalonchodina digitiformis, Neogondolella navicula, Neogondolella palata, Ozarkodina saginata, Ozarkodina tortilis, Ozarkodina turgida, Parachirognathus petrae-viridis, Polygnathus abneptis, Polygnathus mungoensis, Polygnathus tethydis, Prioniodella ctenoides, Prioniodella decrescens, Prioniodella pectiniformis, Prioniodella prioniodellides, Prioniodina cf. prona, Prioniodina kochi, Prioniodina latidentata, Prioniodina mediocris, Roundya lautissima, Roundya magnidentata, Tardogondolella abneptis
Adhami	Triassic (Olenekian to middle Carnian)	19, 25, 26
Cratognathodus kochi, Cratognathodus posterognathus, Didymodella alternata, Diplododella bidentata, Diplododella triassica, Enantiognathus bitortus, Enantiognathus mitzopouli, Enantiognathus petraeviridis, Enantiognathus ziegleri, Euprioniodina mediocris, Euprioniodina muelleri, Euprioniodina multihamata, Euprioniodina pectiniformis, Euprioniodina petraeviridis, Euprioniodina pronoides, Gladigondolella tethydis, Gondolella arcuata, Gondolella basisymmetrica, Gondolella bifurcata, Gondolella constricta, Gondolella cornuta, Gondolella excelsa, Gondolella excentrica, Gondolella mombergensis, Gondolella navicula, Gondolella polygnathiformis, Gondolella tadpole, Gondolella timorensis, Hibbardella lautissima, Hibbardella magnidentata, Hindeodella petrae-viridis, Hindeodella suevica, Hindeodella triassica, Hindeodella (Metaprioniodus) pectiniformis, Lonchodina muelleri, Lonchodina spengleri, Lonchodina venusta, Metapolygnathus abneptis, Metapolygnathus bidentatus, Metapolygnathus mostleri, Metapolygnathus multidentatus, Metapolygnathus mungoensis, Metapolygnathus nodosus, Metapolygnathus primitius, Metapolygnathus spengleri, Metapolygnathus hungaricus, Neospathodus homeri, Neospathodus triangularis, Nicoraella kockeli, Ozarkodina saginata, Ozarkodina tortilis, Polygnathus abneptis, Polygnathus tethydis, Prioniodina (Cypridodella) muelleri, Prioniodina conflexa, Prioniodina latidentata, Prioniodina spengleri, Prioniodina venusta, Roundya magnidentata
Alogomandra	Middle Triassic (Anisian to Ladinian)	25
Gondolella navicula, Hindeodella multihamata, Hindeodella petrae-viridis, Hindeodella triassica, Lonchodina muelleri, Lonchodina spengleri, Lonchodina venusta, Ozarkodina tortilis, Polygnathus tethydis, Roundya lautissima, Roundya magnidentata
Mavrovouni–Prosimi–Stefanion	Upper Triassic (late Carnian to Norian)	19, 21, 27
Carnepigondolella nodosa, Chirodella dinodoides, Cornudina breviramulis minor, Epigondolella abneptis, Epigondolella bidentata, Epigondolella echinata, Epigondolella multidentata, Epigondolella nodosa, Epigondolella permica, Epigondolella postera, Epigondolella quadrata, Epigondolella rigoi, Epigondolella stefanionensis, Epigondolella ziegleri, Hibbardella magnidentata, Hindeodella (Metaprioniodus) andrusovi andrusovi, Hindeodella (Metaprioniodus) suevica, Metapolygnathus communisti communisti, Metapolygnathus communisti parvus, Metapolygnathus communisti, Metapolygnathus multinodosus, Metapolygnathus zoae, Misikella hernsteini, Neohindeodella summesbergeri praecursor, Neohindeodella summesbergeri summesbergeri, Neohindeodella triassica triassica, Oncodella pausidentata, Ozarkodina tortilis, Paragondolella navicula steinbergensis, Paragondolella navicula, Paragondolella polygnathiformis, Paragondolella steinbergensis, Paragondolella tadpole, Prioniodina (Cypridodella) muelleri, Prioniodina excavata
Profitis Ilias	Middle to Upper Triassic (Anisian to Norian)	19
Chirodella dinodoides, Gladigondolella tethydis, Grodella delicatula, Hindeodella (Metaprioniodus) bicuspidata, Hindeodella (Metaprioniodus) suevica, Metapolygnathus polygnathiformis, Neohindeodella dropla, Neohindeodella triassica riegeli, Neohindeodella triassica triassica, Paragondolella excelsa, Paragondolella cf. excelsa, Pollognathus germanicus, Prioniodina (Cypridodella) muelleri
Moni Taxiarchis–Tsoukalia	Upper Triassic (Norian)	22
Epigondolella abneptis
Trapezona	Upper Triassic (late Carnian to Norian)	19, 20, 21
Chirodella dinodoides, Epigondolella nodosa, Epigondolella permica, Neohindeodella summesbergeri summesbergeri, Neohindeodella triassica riegeli, Neohindeodella triassica triassica, Prioniodina (Cypridodella) muelleri
Midhea	Middle to Upper Triassic (Ladinian to Norian)	19
Cornudina breviramulis minor, Cornudina sp., Metapolygnathus polygnathiformis, Misikella hernsteini, Neohindeodella cf. triassica triassica, Prioniodina (Cypridodella) muelleri, Epigondolella sp.
Karafotia–Trahla	Upper Triassic (Carnian to Norian)	19, 21
Chirodella dinodoides, Cornudina breviramulis minor, Diplododella bidentata, Diplododella meissneri, Enantiognathus ziegleri, Epigondolella bidentata, Epigondolella nodosa, Epigondolella permica, Epigondolella ziegleri, Hibbardella magnidentata, Hindeodella (Metaprioniodus) andrusovi andrusovi, Hindeodella (Metaprioniodus) suevica, Metapolygnathus polygnathiformis, Neogondolella navicula steinbergensis, Neohindeodella summesbergeri praecursor, Neohindeodella summesbergeri summesbergeri, Neohindeodella triassica riegeli, Neohindeodella triassica triassica, Ozarkodina tortilis, Paragondolella steinbergensis, Paragondolella tadpole, Prioniodina (Cypridodella) muelleri
Iliokastro–Kastro Hill	Middle Triassic (Ladinian	22
Gondolella trammeri
Hydra
Zogeika	Middle Triassic (late Anisian)	26
Cratognathodus kochi, Gondolella excelsa, Gondolella navicula
Agios Nikolaos monastery (4 localities)	Middle Triassic (late Anisian)	26
Anastrophognathus sagittalis, Cratognathodus kochi, Gladigondolella tethydis, Gondolella constricta, Gondolella excelsa, Gondolella mombergensis, Gondolella navicula
Agia Triada	Middle Triassic (late Anisian/early Ladinian)	13, 17, 28, 29
Budurovignathus hungaricus, Budurovignathus mungoensis, Cratognathodus kochi, Enantiognathus ziegleri, Gladigondolella tethydis, Gondolella bifurcata bifurcata, Gondolella bifurcata hanbulogi, Gondolella bulgarica, Gondolella cornuta, Gondolella eotrammeri, Gondolella excelsa, Gondolella foliata inclinata, Gondolella fueloepi fueloepi, Gondolella fueloepi pseudobifurcata, Gondolella liebermani, Gondolella navicula, Gondolella tethydis, Gondolella trammeri, Neospathodus kockeli, Ozarkodina sp., Polygnathus tethydis
Mandraki–Hydra Chora	Upper Triassic (Carnian)	17, 26
Apatognathus ziegleri, Gondolella navicula, Gondolella polygnathiformis, Hindeodella petrae-viridis, Lonchodina latidentata, Lonchodina muelleri, Lonchodina spengleri, Lonchodina venusta, Metapolygnathus nodosus, Ozarkodina saginata, Polygnathus tethydis, Prioniodella decrescens, Prioniodina kochi
Malies	Middle Triassic (late Anisian to Ladinian)	30
Cratognathodus kochi, Gladigondolella tethydis, Gondolella cornuta, Gondolella aff. eotrammeri, Gondolella excelsa, Gondolella aff. szaboi, Gondolella sp., Gondolella trammeri, Ozarkodina sp.
Klimaki	Lopingian (Wuchiapingian)	31
Neogondolella orientalis, Xaniognathus hydraensis
Pirghos	Middle Triassic (late Anisian–Ladinian)	30
Enantiognathus ziegleri, Gladigondollela tethydis, Gondolella bifurcata bifurcata, Gondolella bifurcata hanbulogi, Gondolella bulgarica, Gondolella constricta, Gondolella cornuta, Gondolella excelsa, Gondolella trammeri, Neospathodus kockeli, Ozarkodina sp.
Agios Taxiarchis	Lopingian (Wuchiapingian)	31
Ellisonia sp., Hindeodus julfensis, Neogondolella orientalis, Xaniognathus hydraensis
Kaminia	Upper Triassic (Carnian to Norian)	26, 32
Gondolella polygnathiformis, Gondolella tadpole, Metapolygnathus bidentatus, Metapolygnathus multidentatus, Metapolygnathus nodosus, Neogondolella navicula, Tardogondolella abneptis
Vlichos	Middle Triassic (middle to late Anisian)	26, 28
Gladigondolella tethydis, Gondolella bifurcata bifurcata, Gondolella bulgarica, Gondolella constricta, Gondolella cornuta, Gondolella excelsa, Gondolella fueloepi pseudobifurcata, Gondolella mombergensis, Gondolella navicula, Gondolella tethydis, Neospathodus kockeli
Mt. Eros	Middle Triassic (late Anisian)	26
Gladigondolella tethydis, Gondolella constricta, Gondolella excelsa, Gondolella mombergensis, Gondolella navicula
Palamidas	Upper Triassic (Carnian)	26
Gondolella polygnathiformis, Metapolygnathus nodosus, Metapolygnathus primitius
Agia Marina	Middle to Upper Triassic (late Anisian to Norian)	17, 26, 28–30
Carnepigondolella gulloae, Carnepigondolella nodosa, Enantiognathus ziegleri, Epigondolella quadrata, Gladigondolella malayensis malayensis, Gladigondolella sp., Gladigondolella tethydis, Gondolella bifurcata bifurcata, Gondolella bifurcata hanbulogi, Gondolella aff. bifurcata hanbulogi, Gondolella bulgarica, Gondolella cornuta, Gondolella eotrammeri, Gondolella excelsa, Gondolella liebermani, Gondolella sp., Hindeodella petrae-viridis, Metapolygnathus abneptis, Metapolygnathus multidentatus, Metapolygnathus posterus, Neocavitella tatrica, Neospathodus kockeli, Norigondolella kozuri, Norigondolella navicula, Norigondolella steinbergensis, Norigondolella sp., Ozarkodina sp., Paragondolella foliata, Paragondolella inclinata, Paragondolella polygnathiformis, Paragondolella praelindae, Paragondolella tadpole
Episkopi	Permian to Upper Triassic (Lopingian to Carnian)	26, 30–33
Enantiognathus ziegleri, Gladigondolella carinata, Gladigondolella tethydis, Gondolella aff. eotrammeri, Gondolella bulgarica, Gondolella constricta, Gondolella excelsa, Gondolella foliata foliata, Gondolella polygnathiformis, Gondolella sp., Gondolella tadpole, Hindeodella stoppeli, Hindeodella triassica, Hindeodus julfensis, Hindeodus typicalis, Neogondolella leveni, Neogondolella orientalis, Neospathodus homeri, Neospathodus triangularis, Ozarkodina sp., Spathognathodus gondolelloides, Spathognathodus homeri, Xaniognathus hydraensis
Tsigkri	Middle Triassic (late Anisian)	26
Cratognathodus kochi, Cratognathodus posterognathus, Gladigondolella tethydis, Gondolella bulgarica, Gondolella constricta, Gondolella excelsa, Gondolella mombergensis, Gondolella navicula, Gondolella regale, Gondolella timorensis, Nicoraella germanica
Bisti	Middle to Upper Triassic (late Anisian to Carnian)	26, 30
Cratognathodus kochi, Cratognathodus posterognathus, Gladigondolella tethydis, Gondolella aff. eotrammeri, Gondolella bifurcata bifurcata, Gondolella bifurcata hanbulogi, Gondolella bulgarica, Gondolella excelsa, Gondolella mombergensis, Gondolella navicula, Gondolella polygnathiformis, Gondolella tadpole, Gondolella trammeri
Kivotos Island	Upper Triassic (Carnian)	26, 32
Gondolella navicula, Gondolella polygnathiformis, Metapolygnathus nodosus, Neogondolella palata, Tardogondolella abneptis
Petassi Island	Middle to Upper Triassic (late Anisian to Carnian)	26, 32
Apatognathus ziegleri, Cratognathodus posterognathus, Gladigondolella tethydis, Gondolella bifurcata, Gondolella constricta, Gondolella excelsa, Gondolella navicula, Hindeodella triassica, Lonchodina discreta, Lonchodina muelleri, Neogondolella navicula, Neogondolella palata, Ozarkodina tortilis, Ozarkodina turgida, Parachirognathus petraeviridis, Prioniodella ctenoides, Prioniodella prioniodellides, Tardogondolella abneptis
Pontikos Island	Upper Triassic (Norian)	26
Metapolygnathus abneptis, Metapolygnathus bidentatus
Chios
Kambia	Upper Devonian to lower Carboniferous	34
Doliognathus sp., Hindeodella sp., Icriodus alternatus, Icriodus symmetricus, Palmatolepis delicatula clarki, Palmatolepis delicatula delicatula, Palmatolepis gracilis gracilis, Palmatolepis gracilis sigmoidalis, Palmatolepis minuta minuta, Palmatolepis perlobata perlobata, Palmatolepis quadrantinodosalobata, Palmatolepis rugosa postera, Palmatolepis rugosa rugosa, Palmatolepis rugosa trachytera, Palmatolepis tenuipunctata, Palmatolepis sp., Polygnathus communis, Polygnathus cf. inortata, Polygnathus styriaca, Polygnathus vogesi, Pseudopolygnathus marburgensis, Pseudopolygnathus micropunctata, Scaphignathus velifera, Siphonodella obsoleta, Spathognathodus inortatus, Spathognathodus stabilis
Keramos	Upper Devonian	34
Gnathodus bilineatus, Gnathodus commutatus commutatus, Gnathodus commutatus nodosus, Gnathodus delicatus, Gnathodus girtyi, Gnathodus semiglaber, Palmatolepis glabra glabra, Palmatolepis glabra penctinata, Palmatolepis gracilis gracilis, Palmatolepis perlobata perlobata, Palmatolepis rugosa cf. ampla, Palmatolepis rugosa grossi, Palmatolepis minuta minuta
Kourounia–Nenitouria	Middle to Upper Mississippian (late Visean–Serpukhovian)	35
?Gnathodus cuneiformis, Gnathodus bilineatus, ?Gnathodus praebilineatus, Pseudognathodus homopunctatus, Lochriea commutata, Lochriea mononodosa
Melanios–Agio Galas	Upper Devonian to lower Carboniferous	34
Ancyrodella sp., Gnathodus bilineatus, Gnathodus bilineatus bilineatus, Gnathodus commutatus commutatus, Gnathodus commutatus homopunctatus, Gnathodus commutatus nodosus, Gnathodus delicatus, Gnathodus semiglaber, Gnathodus texanus, Palmatolepis crepida crepida, Palmatolepis distorta, Palmatolepis gigas, Palmatolepis glabra elongata, Palmatolepis glabra glabra, Palmatolepis glabra pectinata, Palmatolepis gracilis gracilis, Palmatolepis minuta minuta, Palmatolepis perlobata perlobata, Palmatolepis perlobata sigmoidea, Palmatolepis punctata, Palmatolepis quadrantinodosa marginifera, Palmatolepis quadrantinodosa spp., Palmatolepis cf. regularis, Palmatolepis rugosa grossi, Palmatolepis subperlobata, Palmatolepis subrecta, Palmatolepis tenuipunctata, Polygnathus vogesi, Polygnathus sp., Siphonodella obsoleta, Spathognathodus stabilis
Parparia	Upper Devonian to lower Carboniferous	34
Ancyrodella sp., Gnathodus bilineatus, Gnathodus commutatus commutatus, Gnathodus commutatus homopunctatus, Gnathodus commutatus nodosus, Gnathodus delicatus, Gnathodus girtyi, Gnathodus punctatus, Gnathodus semiglaber, Gnathodus texanus, Palmatolepis crepida crepida, Palmatolepis distorta, Palmatolepis glabra elongata, Palmatolepis glabra glabra, Palmatolepis glabra penctinata, Palmatolepis gracilis gracilis, Palmatolepis minuta minuta, Palmatolepis perlobata perlobata, Palmatolepis perlobata sigmoidea, Palmatolepis proversa, Palmatolepis quadrantinodosa inflexa, Palmatolepis quadrantinodosa inflexoidea, Palmatolepis quadrantinodosa marginifera, Palmatolepis quadrantinodosa spp., Palmatolepis rhomboidea, Palmatolepis rugosa grossi, Palmatolepis subrecta, Palmatolepis triangularis, Pseudopolygnathus dentilineata, Pseudopolygnathus triangula triangula, Scaliognathus anchoralis, Siphonodella obsoleta, Spathognathodus strigosus
Potamia	Upper Devonian to lower Carboniferous	34
Belodina triangularis, Gnathodus bilineatus, Gnathodus commutatus commutatus, Gnathodus commutatus homopunctatus, Gnathodus delicatus, Gnathodus semiglaber, Gnathodus texanus, Hindeodella aff. equidentata, Hindeodella priscilla, Hindeodella sp., Icriodus sp., Neoprioniodus excavatus, Ozarkodina typica denckmanni, Ozarkodina sp., Palmatolepis crepida crepida, Palmatolepis delicatula clarki, Palmatolepis delicatula delicatula, Palmatolepis distorta, Palmatolepis cf. elongata, Palmatolepis glabra elongata, Palmatolepis glabra glabra, Palmatolepis glabra penctinata, Palmatolepis gracilis gracilis, Palmatolepis helmsi, Palmatolepis minuta minuta, Palmatolepis perlobata perlobata, Palmatolepis quadrantinodosa inflexoidea, Palmatolepis quadrantinodosa marginifera, Palmatolepis quadrantinodosalobata, Palmatolepis cf. regularis, Palmatolepis rugosa grossi, Palmatolepis subperlobata, Palmatolepis subrecta, Palmatolepis tenuipunctata, Palmatolepis triangularis, Paltodus cf. recurvatus, Paltodus sp., Plectospathodus extensus, Polygnathus linguiformis linguiformis, Polygnathus nodocostata, Polygnathus styriaca, Scaliognathus anchoralis, Spathognathodus steinhornensis cf. remscheidensis
Amani	Middle to Upper Mississippian (late Visean to Serpukhovian)	36
Gnathodus bilineatus, Lochriea commutata, Lochriea mononodosa
Kipouries	Upper Devonian to Carboniferous	34, 37
Amorphognathus sp., Ancyrodella sp., Belodella triangularis, Gnathodus bilineatus, Gnathodus commutatus commutatus, Gnathodus commutatus nodosus, Gnathodus cf. girtyi, Hindeodella equidentata, Hindeodella aff. equidentata, Hindeodella priscilla, Hindeodella aff. priscilla, Icriodus sp., Kockelella patula, Ligonodina cf. salopia, Ligonodina silurica, Lonchodina cf. walliseri, Lonchodina greilingi, Neoprioniodus bicurvatus, Neoprioniodus excavatus, Neoprioniodus latidentatus, Neoprioniodus multiformis, Neoprioniodus sp., Oneotodus sp., Ozarkodina cf. ziegleri, Ozarkodina denckmanni, Ozarkodina media, Ozarkodina sp., Palmatolepis cf. regularis, Palmatolepis distorta, Palmatolepis glabra elongata, Palmatolepis glabra glabra, Palmatolepis glabra pectinata, Palmatolepis gracilis gracilis, Palmatolepis gracilis sigmoidalis, Palmatolepis helmsi, Palmatolepis minuta minuta, Palmatolepis perlobata perlobata, Palmatolepis perlobata sigmoidea, Palmatolepis proversa, Palmatolepis quadrantinodosa marginifera, Palmatolepis quadrantinodosalobata, Palmatolepis rugosa postera, Palmatolepis rugosa rugosa, Palmatolepis rugosa spp., Palmatolepis rugosa trachytera, Palmatolepis subperlobata, Palmatolepis subrecta, Palmatolepis tenuipunctata, Palmatolepis termini, Palmatolepis triangularis, Paltodus cf. recurvatus, Paltodus rotundatus, Paltodus sp., Plectospathodus extensus, Polygnathus linguiformis, Polygnathus cf. pura, Polygnathus sp., Pseudopolygnathus dentilineata, Spathognathodus bidentatus, Spathognathodus inclinatus, Spathognathodus pennatus, Spathognathodus steinhornensis cf. eosteinhornensis, Spathognathodus sp., Trichonodella excavata, Trichonodella inconstans, Trichonodella aff. symmetrica
Volisos	middle Silurian to Devonian	34, 37
Amorphognathus sp., Gnathodus girtyi, Gnathodus punctatus, Gnathodus sp. indet., Gnathodus texanus, Hindeodella equidentata, Kockelella patula, Lonchodina greilingi, Neoprioniodus multiformis, Oneotodus sp., Ozarkodina media, Ozarkodina cf. ziegleri, Palmatolepis delicatula clarki, Palmatolepis delicatula delicatula, Palmatolepis glabra glabra, Palmatolepis glabra pectinata, Palmatolepis gracilis gracilis, Palmatolepis minuta minuta, Palmatolepis punctata, Palmatolepis quadrantinodosa inflexa, Palmatolepis quadrantinodosa spp., Palmatolepis quadrantinodosalobata, Palmatolepis cf. regularis, Palmatolepis subperlobata, Palmatolepis tenuipunctata, Palmatolepis triangularis, Spathognathodus inclinatus, Spathognathodus pennatus, Spathognathodus stabilis, Trichonodella excavata
Katavasi	Upper Devonian to Middle Triassic	34, 36
Enantiognathus ziegleri, Gladigondolella tethydis, Hindeodella equidentata, Hindeodella triassica, Icriodus sp., Ligonodina cf. salopia, Ligonodina silurica, Lonchodina greilingi, Lonchodina aff. greilingi, Lonchodina latidentata, Lonchodina spengleri, Lonchodina cf. walliseri, Neogondolella mombergensis, Neoprioniodus bicurvatus, Neoprioniodus excavatus, Neoprioniodus latidentatus, Neoprioniodus multiformis, Ozarkodina media, Ozarkodina saginata, Ozarkodina tortilis, Ozarkodina turgida, Ozarkodina ? fisticulata, Palmatolepis distorta, Palmatolepis glabra elongata, Palmatolepis glabra glabra, Palmatolepis glabra pectinata, Palmatolepis gracilis gracilis, Palmatolepis gracilis sigmoidalis, Palmatolepis minuta minuta, Palmatolepis perlobata perlobata, Palmatolepis perlobata sigmoidea, Palmatolepis proversa, Palmatolepis punctata, Palmatolepis quadrantinodosa inflexoidea, Palmatolepis quadrantinodosa marginifera, Palmatolepis quadrantinodosa spp., Palmatolepis rugosa grossi, Palmatolepis rugosa postera, Palmatolepis rugosa rugosa, Palmatolepis rugosa spp., Palmatolepis subperlobata, Palmatolepis tenuipunctata, Paltodus sp., Parachirognathus petrae-viridis, Plectospathodus extensus, Polygnathus nodocostata, Polygnathus sp., Pseudopolygnathus micropunctata, Roundya lautissima, Spathognathodus bidentatus, Spathognathodus gondolelloides, Spathognathodus homeri, Spathognathodus inclinatus, Spathognathodus steinhornensis cf. eosteinhornensis, Trichonodella excavata, Trichonodella aff. excavata, Trichonodella inconstans, Trichonodella aff. symmetrica
Kardamyla	Silurian (Wenlock to Ludlow)	38
Ancoradella ploeckensis, Carniodus carinthiacus, Carniodus cf. carnulus, Hindeodella equidentata, Kockelella variabilis, Ligonodina salopia, Ligonodina silurica, Lonchodina greilingi, Lonchodina walliseri, Neoprioniodus excavatus, Neoprioniodus latidentatus, Neoprioniodus multiformis, Neoprioniodus subcarnus, Ozarkodina crassa, Ozarkodina media, Ozarkodina ziegleri ziegleri, Ozarkodina sp., Plectospathodus extensus, Polygnathoides emarginatus, Polygnathoides siluricus, Spathognathodus inclinatus inclinatus, Spathognathodus pennatus pennatus, Trichonodella excavata, Trichonodella inconstans, Trichonodella sp.
Kardamyla	Upper Devonian (Famennian)	38, 39
Bispathodus stabilis, Palmatolepis distorta, Palmatolepis glabra glabra, Palmatolepis glabra pectinata, Palmatolepis gracilis gracilis, Palmatolepis gracilis sigmoidalis, Palmatolepis minuta minuta, Palmatolepis perlobata schindewolfi, Palmatolepis perlobata sigmoidea, Palmatolepis quadrantinodosa inflexa, Palmatolepis quadrantinodosa marginifera, Polygnathus communis, Polygnathus vogesi, Polygnathus sp., Pseudopolygnathus marburgensis
Metochi–Megali Rachi	Lower to Middle Triassic (Olenekian to Anisian)	37
Enantiognathus ziegleri, Gladigondolella tethydis, Hibbardella sp., Hindeodella bitorta, Hindeodella triassica, Lonchodina latidentata, Lonchodina muelleri, Lonchodina venusta, Neogondolella mombergensis, Ozarkodina cf. kockeli, Ozarkodina sp., Roundya sp., Spathognathodus gondolelloides, Spathognathodus homeri
Anavatos	Lower to Middle Triassic (Olenekian to Ladinian)	40
Apatognathus radiatus, Enantiognathus ziegleri, Eurygnathodus costatus, Gladigondolella carinata, Gladigondolella tethydis, Hindeodella bitorta, Hindeodella multihamata, Hindeodella raridenticulata, Hindeodella triassica, Hindeodella sp., Lonchodina muelleri, Lonchodina spengleri, Lonchodina venusta, Neogondolella aegea, Neogondolella mombergensis, Neogondolella navicula, Neoprioniodus cf. bicuspidatus, Ozarkodina ? fisticulata, Ozarkodina tortilis, Ozarkodina turgida, Parachirognathus petrae-viridis, Prioniodella pectiniformis, Prioniodina kochi, Roundya lautissima, Roundya sp., Spathognathodus gondolelloides, Spathognathodus homeri, Spathognathodus cf. triangularis
Vrontados	Carboniferous	40
Idiognathoides attenatus
Rema Armenis	Middle Triassic (Anisian to Ladinian)	40
Apatognathus radiatus, Enantiognathus ziegleri, Gladigondolella tethydis, Hibbardella cf. nevadensis, Hibbardella sp., Hindeodella multihamata, Hindeodella triassica, Lonchodina discreta, Lonchodina muelleri, Lonchodina venusta, Neogondolella aegaea, Neogondolella mombergensis, Neogondolella navicula, Ozarkodina kockeli, Ozarkodina saginata, Ozarkodina tortilis, Parachirognathus petrae-viridis, Prioniodella ctenoides, Prioniodella pectiniformis, Prioniodina kochi, Prioniodina cf. kochi, Prioniodina mediocris, Roundya magnidentata, Roundya sp., Spathognathodus gondolelloides, Spathognathodus homeri
Latomi	Lower to Middle Triassic (Induan to early Anisian)	40
Hindeodella multihamata, Hindeodella triassica, Lonchodina cf. muelleri, Prioniodella prioniodellides, Spathognathodus homeri
Agios Markos	upper Carboniferous	40
Apathognathodus sp., Hibbardella sp., Hindeodella sp., Lonchodina sp., Neoprioniodus ? sp., Ozarkodina sp., Roundya sp., Spathognathodus sp., Spathognathodus sp. aff. triangularis
Kephalovouni	Lower Triassic (Olenekian)	40
Apatognathus radiatus, Apatognathus sp., Gladigondolella carinata, Hindeodella bitorta, Hindeodella ceweki, Hindeodella raridenticulata, Hindeodella triassica, Lonchodina discreta, Lonchodina muelleri, Ozarkodina ? fisticulata, Ozarkodina cf. delicatula, Ozarkodina saginata, Ozarkodina tortilis, Ozarkodina turgida, Roundya sp., Spathognathodus homeri, Spathognathodus triangularis, Spathognathodus cf. triangularis
Marathovouno	Lower to Middle Triassic (Induan to Ladinian)	24, 40–44
Anastrophognathus sagittalis, Apatognathus mitzopouli, Apatognathus radiatus, Apatognathus ziegleri, Ctenognathus chionensis, Gladigondolella carinata, Gladigondolella tethydis, Gladigondolella triangularis, Gondolella regalis, Gondolella timorensis, Hadrontina sp., Hibbardella triassica, Hindeodella bitorta, Hindeodella ceweki, Hindeodella multihamata, Hindeodella raridenticulata, Hindeodella stoppeli, Hindeodella triassica, Hindeodella sp., Lonchodina cf. muelleri, Lonchodina discreta, Lonchodina muelleri, Lonchodina spengleri, Lonchodina venusta, Neogondolella aegaea, Neogondolella mombergensis, Neogondolella navicula, Neogondolella regale, Neogondolella timorensis timorensis, Neospathodus homeri, Neospathodus triangularis, Ozarkodina ? fisticulata, Ozarkodina saginata, Ozarkodina tortilis, Ozarkodina turgida, Parachirognathus petrae-viridis, Prioniodella ctenoides, Prioniodella pectiniformis, Prioniodella prioniodellides, Prioniodina kochi, Prioniodina cf. prona, Roundya lautissima, Roundya sp., Spathognathodus cf. cristagalli, Spathognathodus gondolelloides, Spathognathodus homeri, Spathognathodus triangularis
Marmarotrapeza	Lower to Middle Triassic (Olenekian to Anisian)	13, 40, 45, 46
Gladigondolella carinata, Gladigondolella malayensis budurovi, Gladigondolella tethydis, Gondolella aegaea, Gondolella jubata, Gondolella mombergensis, Gondolella regale, Gondolella timorensis, Hindeodella sp., Lonchodina cf. muelleri, Neospathodus homeri, Neospathodus triangularis, Ozarkodina ? fisticulata, Ozarkodina saginata, Polygnathus carinata, Polygnathus tethydis, Prioniodina kochi, Spathognathodus gondolelloides, Spathognathodus homeri, Spathognathodus triangularis, Spathognathodus cf. triangularis
Agia Anna	middle Silurian to Upper Devonian	47
Belodella sp., Hindeodella equidentata, Ligonodina sp., Lonchodina greilingi, Lonchodina walliseri, Neoprioniodus bicurvatus, Ozarkodina denckmanni, Paltodus recurvatus, Plectospathodus extensus, Polygnathoides siluricus, Spathognathodus inclinatus, Trichonodella symmetrica
Agia Anna	Lower Triassic (Olenekian)	40
Apatognathus radiatus, Enantiognathus ziegleri, Hindeodella raridenticulata, Hindeodella triassica, Lonchodina venusta, Ozarkodina ? fisticulata, Ozarkodina turgida, Roundya sp., Spathognathodus homeri, Spathognathodus triangularis
Parthenis	Middle Devonian	40
Bellodella cf. triangularis, Hibardella sp., Lonchodina sp., Spathognathodus cf. triangularis
Parthenis	Lower to Middle Triassic (Olenekian to early Anisian)	40, 48
Apatognathus mitzopouli, Apatognathus radiatus, Apatognathus sp., Enantiognathus ziegleri, Gladigondolella carinata, Hibbardella triassica, Hindeodella multihamata, Hindeodella sp., Hindeodella triassica, Lonchodina muelleri, Ozarkodina tortilis, Ozarkodina turgida, Pachycladina ? sp., Prioniodella prioniodellides, Prioniodina mediocris, Roundya magnidentata, Roundya meissneri, Spathognathodus gondolelloides, Spathognathodus homeri, Spathognathodus triangularis
Korakaris	Middle to Upper Triassic (Anisian to Carnian)	40
Enantiognathus ziegleri, Gladigondolella tethydis, Lonchodina muelleri, Neogondolella aegaea, Neogondolella navicula, Neogondolella palata, Ozarkodina saginata, Ozarkodina tortilis, Prioniodella pectiniformis, Prioniodina kochi, Roundya sp., Spathognathodus gondolelloides, Spathognathodus sp., Tardogondolella abneptis
Agios Georgios Sykousis	Upper Pennsylvanian	40
Gnathodus cf. noduliferus, Gnathodus cf. opimus, Gnathodus cf. roundyi, Gnathodus n. sp., aff. sicilianus, Gnathodus noduliferus, Gnathodus wapanuckensis, Hadrodontina ? sp., Hibbardella sp., Hindeodella sp., Idiognathoides cf. convexus, Idiognathoides ouachitensls, Idiognathoides sp. aff. ouachitensis, Ligonodina ? sp., Lonchodina sp., Ozarkodina delicatula, Ozarkodina sp., Spathognathodus sp., Streptognathodus ex aff. elongatus, Subbryantodus sp., Synprioniodina sp.
Corfu
Foustapidima Cape	Upper Triassic (Carnian)	17
Polygnathus abneptis
Crete
Voutas	upper Carboniferous to Middle Triassic	49, 50
Anastrophognathus sagittalis, Ellisonia sp., Enantiognathus petraeviridis, Gladigondolella carinata, Gladigondolella malayensis, Gondolella foliata foliata, Gondolella foliata inclinata, Gondolella jubata, Gondolella orientalis, Gondolella planata, Gondolella subcarinata, Gondolella sp., Hadrodontina anceps, Hindeodus minutus, Icriospathodus collinsoni, Metapolygnathus japonicus, Neospathodus cristagalli, Neospathodus dieneri, Neospathodus homeri, Neospathodus longiusculus, Neospathodus sp., Neospathodus triangularis, Pachycladina inclinata, Pachycladina longispinosa, Pachycladina symmetrica, Xaniognathus turgidus, Xaniognathus sp.
Sfinari	upper Carboniferous to Triassic	51
Cavusgnathus sp., Gladigondolella malayensis, Gnathodus angustus, Gondolella sp. ex aff. G. auriformis, Gondolella denuda, Gondolella intermedia, Gondolella laevis, Gondolella nepalensis, Gondolella tadpole, Gondolella sp., Hindeodus minutus, Idiognathodus tersus, Idiognathodus togashii, Idiognathoides sinuatus, Metapolygnathus abneptis, Metapolygnathus mirautae, Metapolygnathus sp., Neognathodus bassleri, Neognathodus sp., Neognathodus symmetricus, Neospathodus homeri, Pachycladina sp., Spathognathodus orphanus, Streptognathodus elegantulus, Streptognathodus gracilis, Streptognathodus ruzhencevi, Streptognathodus sp.
Kambos	upper Carboniferous to Triassic	51
Ellisonia sp., Furnishius triserratus, Neospathodus dieneri, Neospathodus longiusculus, Neospathodus waageni, Pachycladina longispinosa, Pachycladina sp., Pachycladina symmetrica
Paleochora	upper Carboniferous to Triassic	51
Neospathodus homeri, Ellisonia sp.
Skafi	upper Carboniferous to Triassic	51
Neospathodus sp., Neospathodus homeri
Myrsini	lower Permian to Lower Triassic	52
Cypridodella sp., Diplognathodus sp., Ellisonia sp., Enantiognathus sp., Eurygnathodus costatus, Eurygnathodus paracostatus, Gondolella asiatica, Gondolella gujioensis, Gondolella idahoensis, Gondolella intermedia, Gondolella planata, Gondolella sp., Hindeodus minutus, Hindeodus sp., Iranognathus sp., Neohindeodella triassica, Neospathodus cristagalli, Neospathodus dieneri, Neospathodus pakistanensis, Neospathodus waageni, Neospathodus sp., Ozarkodina sweeti, Ozarkodina sp., Prioniodina mitzopouli, Prioniodina sp., Sweetognathus bogolovskajae
Skopi	Lower to Middle Triassic (Olenekian to Anisian)	52
Diplododella bidentata, Ellisonia sp., Enantiognathus bitortus, Gladigondolella carinata, Gondolella ? timorensis, Neohindeodella sp., Neospathodus homeri, Neospathodus cf. homeri, Neospathodus cf. triangularis, Neospathodus sp., Ozarkodina turgida, Ozarkodina sp.
Tripokefala	Lower to Middle Triassic (Olenekian to Anisian)	52
Anastrophognathus sagittalis, Enantiognathus bitortus, Ellisonia sp., Enantiognathus sp., Gladigondolella tethydis, Gondolella bulgarica, Gondolella cf. regalis, Neohindeodella sp., Neospathodus homeri, Ozarkodina tortilis, Ozarkodina turgida, Prioniodina (Cypridodella) muelleri
Ziros	Upper Triassic	53
Conodont fragments indet.

1. ¹Lekkas (1986), ²Ardaens (1978), ³Ferriere (1974), ⁴Wigniolle (1977), ⁵Celet (1977), ⁶Johns (1977), ⁷Vrielynck and Kauffmann in Fleury (1980), ⁸Vrielynck in Fleury (1980), ⁹Steuber (1991), ¹⁰Clement (1977), ¹¹De Bono et al. (2001), ¹²Caridroit et al. (2000), ¹³Bender and Kockel (1963), ¹⁴Flament (1973), ¹⁵Kozur in Thiebault (1982), ¹⁶Terry (1969), ¹⁷Huckriede (1958), ¹⁸Krystyn and Mariolakos (1975), ¹⁹Vrielynck (1978a), ²⁰Vrielynck (1978b), ²¹Vrielynck (1980), ²²Baumgartner (1985), ²³Mauvier in Decourt 1964, ²⁴ Bender 1968b, ²⁵Bender et al. (1960), ²⁶Dürkoop et al. (1986), ²⁷Noyan and Kozur (2007), ²⁸Muttoni et al. (1994), ²⁹Muttoni et al. (1997), ³⁰Angiolini et al. (1992), ³¹Nestell and Wardlaw (1987), ³²Römermann (1968), ³³Argyriou et al. (2017), ³⁴Herget and Roth (1968), ³⁵Groves et al. (2003), ³⁶Zanchi et al. (2003), ³⁷Roth (1968), ³⁸Kauffmann (1965), ³⁹Larghi et al. (2005), ⁴⁰Tietze (1969), ⁴¹Bender (1968a), ⁴²Besenecker et al. (1968), ⁴³Assereto et al. (1980), ⁴⁴Muttoni et al. (1995), ⁴⁵Gaetani et al. (1992), ⁴⁶Jacobshagen et al. (1993), ⁴⁷Walliser in Tietze (1969), ⁴⁸Tietze in Jacobshagen and Tietze (1974), ⁵⁰Kozur and Krahl (1984), ⁵¹Krahl et al. (1983), ⁵²Krahl et al. (1986), ⁵³Zambetakis–Lekkas (1977)