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Emerging Technologies in Diagnostic Virology and Antiviral Strategies

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Handbook of Smart Materials, Technologies, and Devices

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Abstract

Timely and accurate diagnosis of viral infections has an important role in public healthcare management. Accordingly, there is a growing need to update on emerging diagnostics, which would be helpful in identifying newer uncharacterized viruses. With increasing viral pandemics in the past century, development of novel antiviral strategies also poses an important challenge to the current healthcare system. Herein, we describe several recent advancements on rapid viral detection and antiviral methods. Among the various diagnostic approaches, CRISPR-Cas system-based detection of viral nucleic acid on a paper-based lateral flow assay, fluid-phase immunoassay technology, and luciferase immunoprecipitation system followed by paramagnetic technology (LIPSTICKS) appear promising. Recently developed multiplex microsphere immunoassay (MIA), sandwich-type electrochemiluminescence, nanoparticle-based immunodetection, solid-phase immunoelectron microscopy (SPIEM), loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), biosensors, aptamers, and microarray technique also open a new era in viral diagnostics. Apart from these, transmission electron microscope study and MALDI (matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization) methods are also some sophisticated technologies for detection of uncharacterized viruses. The review will further highlight on the emerging antiviral strategies. MHC class I and class II associated peptide proteomics (MAPPs) is a powerful tool for directly profiling neoantigen. The sequencing data of neoantigen can help in the synthesis of effective peptide vaccines that can stimulate humoral and cell-mediated immune responses. Type I IFN-based antiviral therapy, followed by the usage of stimulator of IFN gene (STINGs) as vaccine adjuvants to boost up vaccine efficacy against viral infection, also appears to be a novel method. Taken together, this review will highlight on our current understanding of these high-throughput viral detection techniques as well as novel antiviral approaches.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Tropical Medicine, Kolkata, West Bengal, India

    Goutam Patra & Sumi Mukhopadhyay

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  1. Goutam Patra
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  2. Sumi Mukhopadhyay
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, New Jersey Institute of Technology, University Heights, Newark, NJ, USA

    Chaudhery Mustansar Hussain

  2. University of Padova, Padova, Italy

    Paolo Di Sia

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Patra, G., Mukhopadhyay, S. (2021). Emerging Technologies in Diagnostic Virology and Antiviral Strategies. In: Hussain, C.M., Di Sia, P. (eds) Handbook of Smart Materials, Technologies, and Devices. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58675-1_97-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58675-1_97-1

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  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-58675-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-58675-1

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