Skip to main content

The European Parliament

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
The Palgrave Handbook of EU Crises

Part of the book series: Palgrave Studies in European Union Politics ((PSEUP))

  • 4466 Accesses

Abstract

As multiple, overlapping crises have befallen the EU, the European Parliament (EP) has sought to enhance its own institutional standing and push for deeper integration. In some cases, it has succeeded by overcoming internal party divisions to articulate a single position on Brexit and to secure new formal oversight powers in the Eurozone crisis. The EP also acted nimbly on the EU’s behalf when member states were divided during the Ukraine crisis. However, these important gains for the EP still constitute “muddling through.” The EP may have secured a seat at the table but consistently struggles to drive the European response to crises: when the EP’s preferences differ from member states, it has been unable to achieve its desired outcomes.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
$34.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 229.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 299.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 299.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

Notes

  1. 1.

    The ordinary legislative procedure was extended to matters of agriculture, services, migration, structural and cohesion funds, and some judicial courts (Craig 2008: 110–111).

  2. 2.

    Since the Lisbon Treaty, the Ordinary Legislative Procedure has been used in 77% of directives and 30% of regulations (Chalmers and Chaves 2014: 165–166).

  3. 3.

    Passing the sanctioning procedure would suspend a member state’s voting rights in the Council.

References

  • Alemanno, A., Kelemen, R. D., & Pech, L. (2018). Europe’s Shameful Silence—An Open Letter to EU Leaders from Jean Monnet Chairs. Verfassungsblog (blog). Available at: https://verfassungsblog.de/europes-shameful-silence-an-open-letter-to-eu-leaders-from-jean-monnet-chairs/. Accessed 10 Dec 2018.

  • Amtenbrink, F., & Markakis, M. (2017). Towards a Meaningful Prudential Supervision Dialogue in the Euro Area? A Study of the Interaction Between the European Parliament and the European Central Bank in the Single Supervisory Mechanism (Working Paper 2017/081). ADEMU Working Paper Series. A Dynamic Economic and Monetary Union. Available at: https://www.ssrn.com/abstract=3218861.

  • Bale, T. (2018). Who Leads and Who Follows? The Symbiotic Relationship Between UKIP and the Conservatives—And Populism and Euroscepticism. Politics, 38(3), 263–277. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/0263395718754718.

  • Bhatti, Y., & Hansen, K. M. (2012). The Effect of Generation and Age on Turnout to the European Parliament—How Turnout Will Continue to Decline in the Future. Electoral Studies, 31(2), 262–272. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electstud.2011.11.004.

  • Biermann, F., Guérin, N., Jagdhuber, S., Rittberger, B., & Weiss, M. (2019). Political (Non-)Reform in the Euro Crisis and the Refugee Crisis: A Liberal Intergovernmentalist Explanation. Journal of European Public Policy, 26(2), 246–266. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/13501763.2017.1408670.

  • Bokros, L. (2018). Populist Threats to Democracy in Europe: The Responsibility of Mainstream Parties in the West. In C. Y. Robertson-von Trotha (Ed.), NationEUrope: The Polarised Solidarity Community (pp. 87–94). Baden-Baden: Nomos.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bolin, N., Falasca, K., Grusell, M., & Nord, L. (Eds.). (2019). Euroflections: Leading Academics on the European Elections 2019. Sundsvall: Mittuniversitetet. Available at: https://www.euroflections.se.

  • Brack, N. (2018). Opposing Europe in the European Parliament: Rebels and Radicals in the Chamber. London: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Bressanelli, E., Chelotti, N., & Lehmann, W. (2019). Negotiating Brexit: The European Parliament Between Participation and Influence. Journal of European Integration, 41(3), 347–368.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brusenbauch Meislova, M. (2019). The European Parliament in the Brexit Process: Leading Role, Supporting Role or Just a Small Cameo? In T. Christensen & D. Fromage (Eds.), Brexit and Democracy (pp. 235–261). London: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Chalmers, D., & Chaves, M. (2014). EU Law-Making and the State of European Democratic Agency. In O. Cramme & S. B. Hobolt (Eds.), Democratic Politics in a European Union Under Stress (pp. 155–179). Oxford: Oxford University Press. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198724483.003.0009.

  • Craig, P. (2008). The Role of the European Parliament Under the Lisbon Treaty. In S. Griller & J. Ziller (Eds.), The Lisbon Treaty: EU Constitutionalism Without a Constitutional Treaty? (pp. 109–134). Vienna: Springer. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-211-09429-7_5.

  • Crespy, A., & Parks, L. (2019). The European Parliament and Civil Society. In O. Costa (Ed.), The European Parliament in Times of EU Crisis (pp. 203–223). Cham: Springer International Publishing. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-97391-3_10.

  • Crombez, C., & Høyland, B. (2015). The Budgetary Procedure in the European Union and the Implications of the Treaty of Lisbon. European Union Politics, 16(1), 67–89. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/1465116514552202.

  • Dawson, M., & de Witte, F. (2013). Constitutional Balance in the EU After the Euro-Crisis. The Modern Law Review, 76(5), 817–844. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-2230.12037.

  • Dinas, E., & Riera, P. (2018). Do European Parliament Elections Impact National Party System Fragmentation? Comparative Political Studies, 51(4), 447–476. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/0010414017710259.

  • Dionigi, M., & Koop, C. (2019). Losing Out on Substance But Winning Procedurally? The European Parliament and Accountability in Crisis Legislation. West European Politics, 42(4), 776–802.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dolan, L. (2018). Radical Right-Wing Populism as a Transnational Movement. Paper presented at the 59th International Studies Association Convention, San Francisco.

    Google Scholar 

  • EurActiv. (2019, February 19). Hungary’s Ruling Party Doesn’t Belong in EPP, Says Juncker. EurActiv. Available at: https://www.euractiv.com/section/eu-elections-2019/news/hungarys-ruling-party-doesnt-belong-in-epp-says-juncker/.

  • European Parliament. (2009). Multi-Annual Programme 2010–2014 Regarding the Area of Freedom, Security and Justice (Stockholm Programme): European Parliament Resolution of 25 November 2009 on the Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament and the Council—An Area of Freedom, Security and Justice Serving the Citizen—Stockholm Programme. Available at: http://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getDoc.do?type=TA&reference=P7-TA-2009-0090&format=XML&language=EN.

  • European Parliament. (2018, February 1). EU Elections: How Many MEPs Will Each Country Get in 2019? Available at: http://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/en/headlines/eu-affairs/20180126STO94114/eu-elections-how-many-meps-will-each-country-get-in-2019.

  • Farrell, H., & Héritier, A. (2003). Formal and Informal Institutions Under Codecision: Continuous Constitution-Building in Europe. Governance, 16(4), 577–600.

    Google Scholar 

  • Featherstone, K. (1994). Jean Monnet and the ‘Democratic Deficit’ in the European Union. JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies, 32(2), 149–170.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fiorino, N., Pontarollo, N., & Ricciuti, R. (2017). Supra National, National and Regional Dimensions of Voter Turnout in European Parliament Elections (JCR Technical Reports EUR 28856 EN). Brussels: European Commission.

    Google Scholar 

  • Follesdal, A., & Hix, S. (2006). Why There Is a Democratic Deficit in the EU: A Response to Majone and Moravcsik. JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies, 44(3), 533–562. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-5965.2006.00650.x.

  • Fonck, D. (2018). Servants or Rivals? Uncovering the Drivers and Logics of the European Parliament’s Diplomacy During the Ukrainian Crisis. In K. Raube, M. Müftüler-Baç, & J. Wouters (Eds.), Parliamentary Cooperation and Diplomacy in the EU (pp. 306–323). Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.

    Google Scholar 

  • Franklin, M. N. (2017). EP Elections as Stepping-Stones to Eurosceptic Party Success. In J. H. Nielsen & M. N. Franklin (Eds.), The Eurosceptic 2014 European Parliament Elections (pp. 223–238). London: Palgrave Macmillan UK. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-58696-4_11.

  • Fromage, D. (2018). The European Parliament in the Post-Crisis Era: An Institution Empowered on Paper Only? Journal of European Integration, 40(3), 281–294. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/07036337.2018.1450405.

  • Hix, S. (2002). Parliamentary Behavior with Two Principals: Preferences, Parties, and Voting in the European Parliament. American Journal of Political Science, 46(3), 688. Available at: https://doi.org/10.2307/3088408.

  • Hix, S., & Høyland, B. (2013). Empowerment of the European Parliament. Annual Review of Political Science, 16(1), 171–189. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-polisci-032311-110735.

  • Hobolt, S. B. (2015). The 2014 European Parliament Elections: Divided in Unity?: European Parliament Elections. JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies 53(September), 6–21. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/jcms.12264.

  • Hobolt, S. B. (2018). The Crisis of Legitimacy of European Institutions. In O. Bouin, J. Caraça, G. Cardoso, J. B. Thompson, & M. Wievorka (Eds.), Europe’s Crises (pp. 243–268). Cambridge: Polity.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hobolt, S. B., & de Vries, C. (2016). Turning Against the Union? The Impact of the Crisis on the Eurosceptic Vote in the 2014 European Parliament Elections. Electoral Studies, 44(December), 504–514. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electstud.2016.05.006.

  • Hooghe, L., & Marks, G. (2018). Cleavage Theory Meets Europe’s Crises: Lipset, Rokkan, and the Transnational Cleavage. Journal of European Public Policy, 25(1), 109–135. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/13501763.2017.1310279.

  • Kelemen, R. D. (2017). Europe’s Other Democratic Deficit: National Authoritarianism in Europe’s Democratic Union. Government and Opposition, 52(2), 211–238.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kelemen, R. D. (2020). The European Union’s Authoritarian Equilibrium. Journal of European Public Policy, 27(3), 481–499. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/13501763.2020.1712455.

  • Kochenov, D., & Pech, L. (2015). Upholding the Rule of Law in the EU: On the Commission’s ‘Pre-Article 7 Procedure’ as a Timid Step in the Right Direction (EUI Working Paper RSCAS 2015/24).

    Google Scholar 

  • Laffan, B. (2019). The European Parliament in Turbulent Political Times: Concluding Reflections. Journal of European Integration, 41(3), 347–363.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lehne, S., & Grabbe, H. (2018, December 11). 2019 European Parliament Elections Will Change the EU’s Political Dynamics. Brussels: Carnegie Europe. Available at: https://carnegieeurope.eu/2018/12/11/2019-european-parliament-elections-will-change-eu-s-political-dynamics-pub-77922.

  • Lord, C. (2011). The European Parliament and the Legitimation of Agencification. Journal of European Public Policy, 18(6), 909–925. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/13501763.2011.593317.

  • McDonnell, D., & Werner, A. (2019). International Populism: The Radical Right in the European Parliament. London: Hurst.

    Google Scholar 

  • McGowan, L. (2017). Preparing for Brexit: Actors, Negotiations and Consequences. London: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Meissner, K. (2016). Democratizing EU External Relations: The European Parliament’s Informal Role in SWIFT, ACTA, and TTIP. European Foreign Affairs Review, 21(2), 269–288.

    Google Scholar 

  • Müller Gómez, J., Wessels, W., & Wolters, J. (2019). The European Parliament and the European Council: A Shift in the Balance of Power? In O. Costa (Ed.), The European Parliament in Times of EU Crisis (pp. 53–76). Cham: Springer International Publishing. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-97391-3_3.

  • Neuhold, C. (2001). The ‘Legislative Backbone’ Keeping the Institution Upright? The Role of European Parliament Committees in the EU Policy-Making Process. European Integration Online Papers, 5(10). Available at: https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.302785.

  • Newsome, A. (2018). Credible Champions: Transatlantic Relations and Human Rights in Refugee Crises. Journal of European Integration, 40(5), 587–604.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Niemann, A., & Zaun, N. (2018). EU Refugee Policies and Politics in Times of Crisis: Theoretical and Empirical Perspectives. JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies, 56(1), 3–22.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nitoiu, C., & Sus, M. (2017). The European Parliament’s Diplomacy—A Tool for Projecting EU Power in Times of Crisis? The Case of the Cox-Kwasniewski Mission. JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies, 55(1), 71–86.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nugent, N. (2017). The Crisis and the EU’s Institutions, Political Actors, and Processes. In D. Dinan, N. Nugent, & W. E. Paterson (Eds.), The European Union in Crisis (pp. 167–187). New York: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Otjes, S., & van der Veer, H. (2016). The Eurozone Crisis and the European Parliament’s Changing Lines of Conflict. European Union Politics, 17(2), 242–261. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/1465116515622567.

  • Poptcheva, E. (2019). Parliamentary Oversight: Challenges Facing Classic Scrutiny Instruments and the Emergence of New Forms of ‘Steering’ Scrutiny. In O. Costa (Ed.), The European Parliament in Times of EU Crisis (pp. 25–52). Cham: Springer International Publishing. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-97391-3_2.

  • Proksch, S., & Slapin, J. B. (2011). Parliamentary Questions and Oversight in the European Union. European Journal of Political Research, 50(1), 53–79. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-6765.2010.01919.x.

  • Rankin, J., & Walker, S. (2018, April 5). EU Centre-Right Bloc Accused of Sheltering Hungary’s Orbán. The Guardian, sec. World News. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/apr/05/eu-centre-right-bloc-accused-of-sheltering-hungarys-orban.

  • Raube, K. (2012). The European External Action Service and the European Parliament. The Hague Journal of Diplomacy, 7(1), 65–80. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1163/187119112X614657.

  • Reungoat, E. (2015). Mobilizing Europe in National Competition: The Case of the French Front National. International Political Science Review, 36(3), 296–310.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Riddervold, M., & Newsome, A. (2019). Chapter 3: The Role of EU Institutions in the Design of the EU Foreign and Security Policies. In E. C. Perez (Ed.), The Routledge Handbook of EU Security Law and Policy. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Riddervold, M., & Rosén, G. (2016). Trick and Treat: How the Commission and the European Parliament Exert Influence in EU Foreign and Security Policies. Journal of European Integration, 38(6), 687–702. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/07036337.2016.1178737.

  • Ripoll Servent, A. (2018). The European Parliament. London: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Ripoll Servent, A. (2019). Failing Under the ‘Shadow of Hierarchy:’ Explaining the Role of the European Parliament in the EU’s ‘Asylum Crisis.’ Journal of European Integration, 41(3), 293–310. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/07036337.2019.1599368.

  • Roger, L., Otjes, S., & van der Veer, H. (2017). The Financial Crisis and the European Parliament: An Analysis of the Two-Pack Legislation. European Union Politics, 18(4), 560–580. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/1465116517716311.

  • Rosén, G. (2015). EU Confidential: The European Parliament’s Involvement in EU Security and Defence Policy. Journal of Common Market Studies, 53(2), 383–398.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Saatçioğlu, B. (2020). The European Union’s Refugee Crisis and Rising Functionalism in EU-Turkey Relations. Turkish Studies, 21(2), 169-187. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/14683849.2019.1586542.

  • Sánchez-Cuenca, I. (2017). From a Deficit of Democracy to a Technocratic Order: The Postcrisis Debate on Europe. Annual Review of Political Science, 20(1), 351–369. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-polisci-061915-110623.

  • Schimmelfennig, F. (2015). Liberal Intergovernmentalism and the Euro Area Crisis. Journal of European Public Policy, 22(2), 177–195.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schweiger, C. (2017). The Legitimacy Challenge. In D. Dinan, N. Nugent, & W. E. Paterson (Eds.), The European Union in Crisis (pp. 188–211). New York: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sedelmeier, U. (2014). Anchoring Democracy from Above? The European Union and Democratic Backsliding in Hungary and Romania After Accession. JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies, 52(1), 105–121.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sedelmeier, U. (2017). Political Safeguards Against Democratic Backsliding in the EU: The Limits of Material Sanctions and the Scope of Social Pressure. Journal of European Public Policy, 24(3), 337–351.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Slominski, P., & Trauner, F. (2018). How Do Member States Return Unwanted Migrants? The Strategic (Non-)Use of ‘Europe’ During the Migration Crisis. JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies, 56(1), 101–118.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stenberg, M. (2019). Regional Variation in the European Parliament: Differences in Parliamentary Questions Between MEPs Representing Post-Socialist and Western Member States. Paper presented at the 115th American Political Science Association Conference, Washington, DC.

    Google Scholar 

  • Warren, T. (2018). The European Parliament and the Eurozone Crisis: An Exceptional Actor. The British Journal of Politics and International Relations, 20(3), 632–651.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Whitaker, R. (2011). The European Parliament’s Committees: National Party Influence and Legislative Empowerment. London: Routledge.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • White, J. (2014). Politicizing Europe: The Challenge of Executive Discretion. In O. Cramme & S. B. Hobolt (Eds.), Democratic Politics in a European Union Under Stress (pp. 87–102). Oxford: Oxford University Press. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198724483.003.0005.

  • Wiesner, C. (2018). The Micro-Politics of Parliamentary Powers: European Parliament Strategies for Expanding Its Influence in the EU Institutional System. Journal of European Integration, 40(4), 375–391. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/07036337.2018.1462351.

  • Wisniewski, E. (2013). The Influence of the European Parliament on the European External Action Service. European Foreign Affairs Review, 18(1), 81–101.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Akasemi Newsome .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2021 The Author(s)

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Newsome, A., Stenberg, M. (2021). The European Parliament. In: Riddervold, M., Trondal, J., Newsome, A. (eds) The Palgrave Handbook of EU Crises. Palgrave Studies in European Union Politics. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51791-5_14

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics