Science in the New Millenium

Abstract

During the last quarter of the twentieth century and into the twenty-first century, many efforts have been undertaken to level the playing field for women in science. Significant legislation was enacted in 1972 that put teeth into affirmative action and allowed women to sue when they were denied tenure and equal pay. Scientific women came together, formed organizations, flexed their political muscles and found they were not unique in the conditions that they experienced. Problems were found across academia, government, corporate America, and the non-profit world in terms of promotional opportunities (including the awarding of tenure) and pay equity. The increasing numbers of women pursuing scientific education unintentionally led to pressure for more female faculty and women leaders. Many steps have been taken since the early 1970s although the playing field is not level yet for women or minorities. More work still needs to be done in the twenty-first century in order for the U.S. to utilize all the scientific talent available to its highest potential and address the challenges that humanity faces.