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Medication for Depression: Monoamine Enhancers and Esketamine (Antidepressants)

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Tasman’s Psychiatry

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Abstract

In this chapter, “drugs for depression,” the authors are covering the description of neuroscience-based nomenclature (NbN), pharmacological action, therapeutic effect, side effect, and drug-drug interaction, based on the conventional subgrouping of “antidepressant.” They include selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), serotonin partial agonist/reuptake inhibitors (SPARIs), serotonin antagonist/reuptake inhibitor (SARI), serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitor (NDRI), selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (NRI), melatonin receptor agonist, noradrenergic and specific serotonergic antidepressant (NaSSA), serotonin reuptake enhancer (SRE), monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), and tricyclic antidepressant/tetracyclic antidepressant (TCA/TeCA). Moreover, the novel drugs for depression (brexanolone, zuranolone, and mifepristone) or adjunctive treatments (olanzapine, quetiapine, aripiprazole, brexpiprazole, ketamine/esketamine) on top of existing SNRIs or SSRIs are also included. In addition, for the monoamine enhancers, the relationship between neurogenesis and antidepressant action has been described. Along with the conventional subgrouping of “antidepressant,” the potential influences of sex, race, and ethnicity on the antidepressant psychopharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics are also comprehensively covered. Then, the symptom-based selection algorithm of drugs for depression has been introduced, based on neuroanatomical and neurochemical reductions for the symptoms of major depression. Finally, a pharmacological strategy algorithm for treatment-resistant major depression has been introduced. The algorithm includes optimization, switching, combination, and augmentation.

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Acknowledgments

The clinicians are advised to read the indications and correct dosages of the drug for depression in the package insert or a Physicians’ Reference Book before prescribing the any medication.

Financial Support and Sponsorship

The authors do not receive any support in writing this chapter.

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest in describing all the drugs in this chapter.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Psychiatry, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea

    Seon-Cheol Park

  2. Department of Psychiatry, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Guri, Republic of Korea

    Seon-Cheol Park

  3. Department of Psychiatry, Wan Fang Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan

    Winston Wu-Dien Shen

  4. College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan

    Winston Wu-Dien Shen

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  1. Seon-Cheol Park
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Correspondence to Seon-Cheol Park .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Psychiatry, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA

    Allan Tasman

  2. Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Cent, Ann Arbor, MI, USA

    Michelle B. Riba

  3. Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Oakland, CA, USA

    Renato D. Alarcón

  4. Columbia University Medical Center, New York, USA

    César A. Alfonso

  5. Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan

    Shigenobu Kanba

  6. Department of Psychiatry, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya

    David M. Ndetei

  7. Malaysian Research Inst on Ageing, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia

    Chee H. Ng

  8. Department of Psychiatry, University of Munich, München, Bayern, Germany

    Thomas G. Schulze

  9. Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Belgrade, Serbia

    Dusica Lecic-Tosevski

Section Editor information

  1. No affiliation provided

    Shigenobu Kanba

  2. No affiliation provided

    Rif S. El-Mallakh

  3. No affiliation provided

    Joseph Zohar

  4. No affiliation provided

    Andrew D. Krystal

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Park, SC., Shen, W.WD. (2023). Medication for Depression: Monoamine Enhancers and Esketamine (Antidepressants). In: Tasman, A., et al. Tasman’s Psychiatry. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-42825-9_133-1

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