Abstract
Apaza and Chang develop an analysis framework for effective whistleblowing that contains five crucial factors: (1) the type of whistleblowing (Internal and External Whistleblowing), (2) the role of the mass media (use of mass media to disclose corruption), (3) the documentation of evidence (collection of supporting documentation before blowing the whistle), (4) the form of retaliation (inappropriate work assignments or transfer, threats of physical harm, harassment, humiliation, or isolation, etc.), and (5) legal protections (whistleblowing protection laws issued and implemented).
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Apaza, C.R., Chang, Y. (2020). Effective Whistleblowing Conceptual Framework. In: Apaza, C., Chang, Y. (eds) What Makes Effective Whistleblowing. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-40200-6_1
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