Abstract
The concept of environmental justice has been introduced to Asia in the 1990s, with its definition embedded in each country’s unique sociopolitical situation. However, it has not yet spread to legal and political discourse in most Asian states. Industrial growth, urbanization, and natural resource extraction in Asia have caused severe environmental pollution and environment-related social disparity which are eroding sustainability in Asia. In addition to income-based and rural-urban environmental injustices, there exist indigenous environmental injustices. Nonetheless, most Asian nations do not officially recognize environmental racism which is the original factor in environmental justice movements in the USA. Although the realization of environmental justice in general is still challenging, it is still evaluated as an important emerging concept useful for solving the problems of disproportionate environmental distribution and burden in Asian countries. This chapter addresses environmental justice issues in Asia from both regional and national perspectives. It first briefly overviews environmental justice in Asia in a regional context (East, South and Southeast, North and Central, and West Asia). It then examines environmental justice in four specific states in Asia (Japan, China, India, and Mongolia).
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Chuluu, K.E. (2023). Environmental Justice in Asia. In: The Palgrave Handbook of Global Sustainability. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-38948-2_76-3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-38948-2_76-3
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Environmental Justice in Asia- Published:
- 25 May 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-38948-2_76-3
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Environmental Justice in Asia
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- 10 March 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-38948-2_76-2
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Environmental Justice in Asia- Published:
- 23 July 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-38948-2_76-1