Abstract
This chapter examines the structure of the state that is needed to facilitate economic development in Africa. Despite the fact that Africa has for so long experimented with a variety of developmental models, the continent remains the basket case of development, with deleterious implications, some, of truly global dimensions, for its people. The literature is suffused with suggestions that Africa’s unenviable location on the global development continuum is a consequence of at least one of the following factors: colonialism, a global system that is skewed against its interests, inclement geography, application of wrong policy frameworks, corruption, shortage of relevant institutions, poor leadership, lack of will, and capacity to prosecute appropriate policy measures that would seem to have engendered more positive outcomes elsewhere. Several of the advertised promise of globalization—shared prosperity, freer movement of production factors, a more equitable system, and so on—have become ephemeral for Africa. As a phenomenon that defines the boundaries of engagement in today’s world, globalization continues to entrench the dependent status of African nations on a global economic system, over which they have tenuous control, and which has not demonstrated a credible degree of commitment to the continent.
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Notes
- 1.
dos Santos, J.F. de Sousa (2015). “Why SMEs are key to growth in Africa,” 04 August. www.weforum.org
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- 3.
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- 4.
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Adesina, A. (2018). “Korea is a model for Africa’s industrialization, says President Adesina,” APO News Release: African Development Bank, 2018. www.afdb.org, May 21.
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- 8.
Mimiko, N.O. (2018). “Trends, Future Outlook of Africa’s Leadership, Development,” New Telegraph, Abuja, Jan. 1, 2, 3.
- 9.
Ibid.
- 10.
Alozieuwa, S.H.O. (2010). “Beyond the Ethno-Religious Theory of the Jos Conflict,” Africa Peace and Conflict Journal, 3(2), pp. 18–31. Available: www.humansecuritygateway.com/documents/APCJ_Vol3No2Dec2010.pdf; and McLoughlin, G. and Bouchat, C.J. (2013). Nigerian Unity: In the Balance, June. US Army War College, Strategic Studies Institute, Carlisle, PA & Press. http://www.StrategicStudiesInstitute.army.mil/
- 11.
Mimiko, N.O. (1998). “Marx and Peripheral Social Formations: The Significance of the Political Economy Approach,” The Nigerian Journal of the Social Sciences, Ado-Ekiti, 11(1), pp. 64–88.
- 12.
Mimiko, N.O. (1997). “The Capitalist Developmental State and the Invalidation of Neo-Classicism in South Korea,” Korea Observer, Seoul, XXVVIII (2), Summer, pp. 241–267.
- 13.
Kishtainy, N. (2012). “Marxist Economics,” The Economics Book, London: DK.
- 14.
Conway, E. (2009). 50 Economics Ideas you really need to know, London: Quercus.
- 15.
Kishtainy, N. (2012). “Marxist Economics,” The Economics Book, London: DK.
- 16.
Ibid.
- 17.
Ibid.
- 18.
Mimiko, N.O. (1997). “The Capitalist Developmental State and the Invalidation of Neo-Classicism in South Korea,” Korea Observer, Seoul, XXVVIII (2), Summer, pp. 241–267.
- 19.
Keynes, J.M. (1936). The General Theory of Theory of Employment, Interest and Money, London: Palgrave Macmillan.
- 20.
Conway, E. (2009). 50 Economics Ideas you really need to know, London: Quercus.
- 21.
Kishtainy, N. (2012). “Marxist Economics,” The Economics Book, London: DK.
- 22.
Keynes, J.M. (1936). The General Theory of Theory of Employment, Interest and Money, London: Palgrave Macmillan.
- 23.
Kishtainy, N. (2012). “Marxist Economics,” The Economics Book, London: DK.
- 24.
Ibid., p. 60.
- 25.
Friedman, M. (1971). A Theory of the Consumption Function, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 6th printing; and with Anna Schwartz (1963). A Monetary History of the United States, 1867–1960, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
- 26.
The Economist (1996). London, March 3, 1996.
- 27.
Amsden, A. H. (1989). Asia’s Next Giant: Korea and Late Industrialization, New York: Oxford University Press.
- 28.
Mimiko, N.O. (1997). “The Capitalist Developmental State and the Invalidation of Neo-Classicism in South Korea,” Korea Observer, Seoul, XXVVIII (2), Summer, pp. 241–267.
- 29.
Smith, A. (1776). An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations, London: W. Strahan and T. Cadell.
- 30.
Richardo, D. (1817). On the Principles of Political Economy and Taxation, London: John Murray.
- 31.
Moore, M. (1989). “The Fruits and Fallacies of Neoliberalism: The Case of Irrigation Policy,” World Development, 17(11).
- 32.
Mimiko, N.O. (1995). “The Structural Adjustment Program and the Deepening of the African Economic Crisis,” in N.O. Mimiko, (ed.), Crises and Contradictions in Nigeria’s Democratization Program, 1986–1993, Akure: Stebak Publishers, pp. 20–43.
- 33.
Cortes, C.L. and Flores, C.S. (2013). “Introduction,” in (eds.), Democratic Renewal vs. Neoliberalism: Towards Empowerment and Inclusion, Sixth South-South Institute, Santiago de Chile, Buenos Aires: Latin American Council of Social Science.
- 34.
Olomola, I. (1969). Main Trends in African History: From Earliest Times to 1900, Ado-Ekiti: Omolayo Standard Press; and Falola, T. (ed.). (2000). Africa, Vol I: Africa History Before 1885, Durham, NC: Carolina Academic Press.
- 35.
Mimiko, N.O. “The State and the Growth/Development Agenda: Africa and East Asia in Context,” in D. Kolawole (Ed.) Issues in Nigerian Government and Politics, Ibadan: Dekaal Publishers, pp. 162–177.
- 36.
Carbonnier, G., Chakraborty, P., Dalle Mulle, E., and Presente, C.I. (2013). “Asian And African Development Trajectories: Revisiting Facts and Figures,” International Development Policy, Policy Brief-Working Papers, The Institute, Geneva. Online since 28 May 2013, connection on 24 Jan. 2018. http://journals.openedition.org/poldev/682
- 37.
Ibid.
- 38.
Ibid.
- 39.
Reynolds, 1985. Cited in Zubair Iqbal, Moshin S. Khan (eds.) (1998). Trade Reforms and Regional Integration in Africa, Washington, D.C.: International Monetary Fund, p. 149.
- 40.
Mimiko, NO. (1998). “The State and the Growth/Development Agenda: Africa and East Asia in Context,” in D. Kolawole (Ed.) Issues in Nigerian Government and Politics, Ibadan: Dekaal Publishers, pp. 162–177.
- 41.
Zakaria, F. (2018). “Give South Korea a gold medal,” Washington Post Writers Group, Feb. 8.
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Mimiko, N.O. (2012). Globalization: The Politics of Global Economic Relations and International Business, Durham, NC: Carolina Academic Press, p. 82.
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Mimiko, N.O. (2011). “Africa in World Politics: The Dynamics of a Continent’s Shrinking Space in a New Global System: The Laurent Gbagbo Metaphor.” Keynote Paper, University of Texas at Austin Africa Conference, Austin, TX, USA, March 25.
- 44.
Meles Zenawi Foundation (2015). “Concept Note on Symposium of The African Democratic Developmental State,” Kigali, Aug. 21.
- 45.
Woo-Cumings, M. (ed.). (1999). The Developmental State, Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
- 46.
Johnson, C. (1994). “What is the best system of national economic management for Korea?”, in L. Cho and Y.H. Kim (eds.), Korea’s Political Economy: An Institutional Perspective, Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
- 47.
Kim, Dong-Hyun (1994). “Development Experience and Future Direction of the Korean Experience,” Korea Observer, XXV(2), Summer.
- 48.
Mimiko, N.O. (1997). “The Capitalist Developmental State and the Invalidation of Neo-Classicism in South Korea,” Korea Observer, Seoul, XXVVIII (2), Summer, pp. 241–267.
- 49.
Johnson, C. (1994). “What is the best system of national economic management for Korea?”, in L. Cho and YH Kim (eds.), Korea’s Political Economy: An Institutional Perspective, Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
- 50.
Kishtainy, N. (2012). “Marxist Economics,” The Economics Book, London: DK, p. 102.
- 51.
Xinhua News Agency on Twitter, 19/02/18; and Zhao Lei, “Anti-poverty campaign goal,” China Daily, 2018-02-20. www.chinadaily.ccom.cn
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Amsden, A.H. (1989). Asia’s Next Giant: Korea and Late Industrialization, New York: Oxford University Press.
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Mimiko, N.O. (1997). “The Capitalist Developmental State and the Invalidation of Neo-Classicism in South Korea,” Korea Observer, Seoul, XXVVIII (2), Summer, pp. 241–267.
- 54.
Mimiko, NO. (1998). “The State and the Growth/Development Agenda: Africa and East Asia in Context,” in D. Kolawole (ed.) Issues in Nigerian Government and Politics, Ibadan: Dekaal Publishers, pp. 162–177.
- 55.
Walsh, J. (1993). “Asia’s Different Drum,” Time, NY, NY, June 14.
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Cited in McCormick, J. (2004). Comparative Politics in Transition, 4th edition, Belmont, CA: Wadsworth/Thomson Learning, p. 21.
- 57.
Mimiko, N.O. (1998). “Economic Crisis and the Consolidation of Democracy in South Korea,” Ife Social Sciences Review, OAU, Ile-Ife, July, 275–284.
- 58.
Federal Government of Nigeria, 1999 Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria (as amended).
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The Economist (2016). “Africa’s Fragile Democracies,” London, 20 Aug.
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Ibid.
- 61.
Stoessinger, J.G. (2001) Why Nations Go To War, Belmont, CA: Wadsworth/Thomson.
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Kumar, L.T. et al. (1995). “The State or the System? The Role of the State in the Economic Development of Greece and Korea,” The Korea Journal of International Studies, 26(1), Summer.
- 63.
Mimiko, N.O. (1998). “The State and the Growth/Development Agenda: Africa and East Asia in Context,” in D. Kolawole (ed.) Issues in Nigerian Government and Politics, Ibadan: Dekaal Publishers, pp. 162–177.
- 64.
Acmoglu, D. and Robinson, J.A. (2012). The Origins of Power, Prosperity, and Poverty: Why Nations Fail, New York, NY: Crown Publishing Group, a division of Random House Inc.
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Mimiko, N.O. (2018). “Trends, Future Outlook of Africa’s Leadership, Development,” New Telegraph, Abuja, Jan. 1, 2, 3.
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Acmoglu, D. and Robinson, J.A. (2012). The Origins of Power, Prosperity, and Poverty: Why Nations Fail, New York, NY: Crown Publishing Group, a division of Random House Inc.
- 67.
Mimiko, N.O. (1997). “The Capitalist Developmental State and the Invalidation of Neo-Classicism in South Korea,” Korea Observer, Seoul, XXVVIII (2), Summer, pp. 241–267.
- 68.
World Bank (1993). The East Asian Miracle: Economic Growth and Public Policy. Washington DC: The World Bank.
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Carbonnier, G., Chakraborty, P., Dalle Mulle, E., and Presente, C.I. (2013). “Asian And African Development Trajectories: Revisiting Facts and Figures,” International Development Policy.
- 70.
Ihonbvere, J. (1995). “Beyond Governance: The State and Democratization in Africa,” Journal of Asian and African Studies, 50.
- 71.
Carbonnier, G., Chakraborty, P., Dalle Mulle, E., and Presente, C.I. (2013). “Asian And African Development Trajectories: Revisiting Facts and Figures,” International Development Policy.
- 72.
Moore, M. (1989). “The Fruits and Fallacies of Neoliberalism: The Case of Irrigation Policy,” World Development, 17(11).
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Lim, Youngil (1981). Government Policy and Private Enterprise: Korean Experience in Industrialization, Berkeley, CA: Centre for Korean Studies.
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Mimiko, N.O. (1998). “From Neo-regulation to Guided De-regulation: The Nigerian Economy in Transition, 1993–1998”, in D. Kolawole and N.O. Mimiko (eds.), Political Democratization and Economic Deregulation Under the Abacha Administration, 1993–1998, (Ado Ekiti: Dept. of Political Science, Ondo State University), Ibid., pp. 80–93.
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Pae, P. (2018). “South Korea’s Chaelbol,” Bloomberg, Jan. 14, 2015, updated Oct. 5, 2018. www.bloomberg.com
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Tejada, C. (2017). “Money, Power, Family: Inside South Korea’s Chaebol,” New York Times, NY, Feb. 17. www.nytimes.com
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United Nations Research Institute for Social Development (1995). States in Disarray: The Social Effects of Globalization, Geneva: United Nations Research Institute for Social Development (UNRISD).
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- 80.
Upadhyay, A. and Mante, Y. (2018). “Supporting the Growth of MSMEs across Africa: Why we invested in Lidya,” Omidyar Network. http://medium.com
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Chima, O. (2018). “MSMEs as Gateway to Economic Prosperity,” Thisday, Abuja, www.thisday.com. Assessed Dec. 22, 2018.
- 82.
@ProfOsinbajo. Accessed Dec. 22, 2018.
- 83.
dos Santos, J.F. de Sousa (2015). “Why SMEs are key to growth in Africa,” 04 August. www.weforum.org
- 84.
Court, J. and Yanagihara, T. (n.d). “Asia and Africa into the global economy: background and introduction,” http://unu.edu
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Ibid.
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Carbonnier, G., Chakraborty, P., Dalle Mulle, E., and Presente, C.I. (2013). “Asian And African Development Trajectories: Revisiting Facts and Figures,” International Development Policy, Policy Brief-Working Papers, The Institute, Geneva. Online since May 28, 2013, connection on January 24, 2018. http://journals.openedition.org/poldev/682
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Mimiko, N.O. (2020). Contextualizing the State Structure Requisite for Africa’s Development. In: Oloruntoba, S.O., Falola, T. (eds) The Palgrave Handbook of African Political Economy. Palgrave Handbooks in IPE. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-38922-2_8
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