Skip to main content

Troubling Social Justice Interventions for Predominantly White Institutions

Intentions and Impacts

  • Reference work entry
  • First Online:
Handbook of Social Justice Interventions in Education

Abstract

Predominantly White Institutions (PWIs) of higher education create long-lasting impacts for stakeholders in both intended and unintended ways through the implementation of diversity initiatives. For Black, Indigenous, and Students of Color (BISOC), these impacts can have an even more profound influence on the likelihood of academic success, retention and graduation, physical health and safety, and the overall university experience. As such, campus leaders should diligently consider the potential for unintended impacts that may result from diversity initiatives.

This chapter undertakes an examination of two diversity initiatives: (1) a community scholarship program, and (2) a core curriculum overlay, implemented in recent years at “UNI,” a pseudonym for a specific PWI in the Southern United States. The authors, analyzing UNI’s diversity initiatives as documented in publications and marketing materials, describe the intent as advertised by the institution to stakeholders. Critical diffractive counter readings embedded throughout this chapter offer thoughtful consideration of the initiatives, in addition to impacts resulting from the advertisements and adoption of them. Tools borrowed from Cultural Studies reveal how these initiatives serve to reify existing institutional hierarchies, causing further harm to the BISOC they purport to serve. The two initiatives explored did not directly challenge institutional hegemony at UNI; instead, these interventions have been manifesting unintended negative impacts on the overall culture of the campus community and experiences for BISOC.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
$34.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 329.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 449.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Anzaldúa, G. E. (1990). Making face, making soul/Haciendo caras: Creative and critical perspectives by women of color. San Francisco: Aunt Lute.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barad, K. (2007). Meeting the universe halfway: Quantum physics and the entanglement of matter and meaning. Durham: Duke University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barker, C. (2004). The Sage dictionary of cultural studies. London: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bonilla-Silva, E. (2013). Racism without racists: Color-blind racism and the persistence of racial inequality in America (4th ed.). Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bowles, S., & Gintis, H. (2011). Schooling in capitalist America: Educational reform and the contradictions of economic life. Chicago: Haymarket Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Collier, C. (2015). The rise of the Chancellor’s Scholars. UNI Magazine. Retrieved from https://tinyurl.com/y293b3g4.

  • CUJE [@cujenow]. (n.d.). Tweets [Twitter profile]. Retrieved from https://twitter.com/cujenow?lang=en.

  • Davis, A. (2019). Failure is always an option: The necessity, promise & peril of radical contextualism. Cultural Studies, 33(1), 46–56.

    Google Scholar 

  • de Certeau, M. (1984). The practice of everyday life (trans: Rendall, S.). Berkeley: University of California Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Derrida, J. (1973). Speech and phenomena, and other essays on Husserl’s theory of signs. Evanston: Northwestern University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Derrida, J. (1979). Force and signification. Structuralist Review: A Journal of Theory Criticism and Pedagogy, 1(2), 13–54.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dyce, C. M., Albold, C., & Long, D. (2013). Moving from college aspiration to attainment: Learning from one college access program. The High School Journal, 96(2), 152–165.

    Google Scholar 

  • Embrick, D. G. (2011). The diversity ideology in the business world: A new oppression for a new age. Critical Sociology, 37(5), 541–556.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ferguson, R. A. (2004). Aberrations in black: Toward a queer of color critique. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fiske, J. (1998). Culture, ideology and interpellation. In J. Rivkin & M. Ryan (Eds.), Literary theory, an anthology (pp. 305–311). Malden: Blackwell.

    Google Scholar 

  • Foucault, M. (1983). The subject and power. In H. L. Dreyfus & P. Rabinow (Eds.), Michel Foucault: Beyond structuralism and hermeneutics (2nd ed.). Chicago: University of Chicago.

    Google Scholar 

  • Giroux, H. A. (1983). Theories of reproduction and resistance in the new sociology of education: A critical analysis. Harvard Educational Review, 53, 257–293.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gloria, A. M., Hird, J. S., & Navarro, R. L. (2001). Relationships of cultural congruity and perceptions of the university environment to help-seeking attitudes by socio-race and gender. Journal of College Student Development, 42, 545–562.

    Google Scholar 

  • Grossberg, L. (1996). History, politics and postmodernism. In Stuart Hall: Critical dialogues in cultural studies (pp. 151–173). London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hall, S. (1980). Cultural studies: Two paradigms. Media, Culture and Society, 2(1), 57–72.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hall, S. (1981). Notes on deconstructing the popular. In R. Samuel (Ed.), People’s history and socialist theory (pp. 227–240). London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hall, S. (2019). In D. Morley (Ed.), Essential essays, Vol. 1: Foundations of cultural studies. Durham: Duke University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harrison-Walker, L. J. (2010). Customer prioritization in higher education: Targeting ‘right’ students for long-term profitability. Journal of Marketing for Higher Education, 20(2), 191–208.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harvey, D. (2007). A brief history of neoliberalism. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hebdige, D. (1979). Subculture: The meaning of style. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hernandez, O. (2019). UNI Faculty voting on secret DEI ballot. UNI360. Retrieved from https://tinyurl.com/yyt27omr.

  • Herrera, V. (2018). The Give Back (Interview contained within). 360 West Magazine. Retrieved from https://tinyurl.com/y6srwgt6.

  • Hohle, R. (2015). Race and the origins of American neoliberalism. New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Holck, L., Muhr, S. L., & Villeseche, F. (2016). Identity, diversity and diversity management: On theoretical connections, assumptions and implications for practice. Equality, Diversity and Inclusion: An International Journal, 35(1), 48–64.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hooks, B. (1994). Teaching to transgress: Education as the practice of freedom. New York/London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Huddleston, G. (2018). Combining curriculum studies and cultural studies as a move toward the concrete in postqualitative research. Journal of Curriculum and Pedagogy, 15(2), 175–192.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hyatte, T. (2016). #BeingMinorityatUNI goes viral on Twitter. Retrieved from https://tinyurl.com/y3st7ump.

  • Janssens, M., & Zanoni, P. (2014). Alternative diversity management: Organizational practices fostering ethnic equality at work. Scandinavian Journal of Management, 30(3), 317–331.

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, V. D. (2003). Cultural group perceptions of racial climates in residence halls. NASPA Journal, 41, 114–134.

    Google Scholar 

  • Leslie, L. M. (2019). Diversity initiative effectiveness: A typological theory of unintended consequences. Academy of Management Review, 44(3), 538–563.

    Google Scholar 

  • Levine, C. S., Markus, H. R., Austin, M. K., Chen, E., & Miller, G. E. (2019). Students of color show health advantages when they attend schools that emphasize the value of diversity. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 116(13), 6013–6018. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1812068116.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Manalansan, M. F., IV. (2018). Messing up sex: The promises and possibilities of queer of color critique. Sexualities, 21(8), 1287–1290.

    Google Scholar 

  • McLaren, P. (1994). White terror and oppositional agency: Towards a critical multiculturalism. In D. T. Goldberg (Ed.), Multiculturalism: A critical reader (Vol. 1995, pp. 45–74). Oxford: Blackwell.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moraga, C., & Anzaldúa, G. (Eds.). (1981). This bridge called my back: Writings by radical women of color. Watertown: Persephone Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Museus, S. D., Yi, V., & Saelua, N. (2018). How culturally engaging campus environments influence sense of belonging in college: An examination of differences between white students and students of color. Journal of Diversity in Higher Education, 11(4), 467–483.

    Google Scholar 

  • National Association of Black Journalists. (2020). NABJ statement on capitalizing black and other racial identifiers. Retrieved from https://www.nabj.org/page/styleguide.

  • Ohl, J. J., & Potter, J. E. (2013). United we lynch: Post-racism and the (re)membering of racial violence in without sanctuary: Lynching photography in America. Southern Communication Journal, 78(3), 185–201.

    Google Scholar 

  • Olaniran, B. A., & Agnello, M. F. (2008). Globalization, educational hegemony, and higher education. Multicultural Education and Technology, 2(2), 68–86. https://doi.org/10.1108/17504970810883351.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Oliver, M. L., Shapiro, T. M., & Shapiro, T. (2006). Black wealth, white wealth: A new perspective on racial inequality. London: Taylor & Francis.

    Google Scholar 

  • Patton, L. D. (2016). Disrupting postsecondary prose: Toward a critical race theory of higher education. Urban Education, 51(3), 315–342.

    Google Scholar 

  • Patton, L. D., Harper, S. R., & Harris, J. C. (2015). Using critical race theory to (re)interpret widely-studied topics in U.S. higher education. In A. M. Martinez-Aleman, E. M. Bensimon, & B. Pusser (Eds.), Critical approaches to the study of higher education (pp. 193–219). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pippert, T. D., Essenburg, L. J., & Matchett, E. J. (2013). We’ve got minorities, yes we do: Visual representations of racial and ethnic diversity in college recruitment materials. Journal of Marketing for Higher Education, 23(2), 258–282.

    Google Scholar 

  • Poussaint, A. (1974). The black administrator in the white university. The Black Scholar, 6(1), 8–14.

    Google Scholar 

  • Scarritt, A. (2019). Selling diversity, promoting racism: How universities pushing a consumerist form of diversity empowers oppression. The Journal of Critical Education Policy Studies, 17(1), 188–228.

    Google Scholar 

  • Seal, A. (2018). How the university became neoliberal. The Chronicle of Higher Education, June 8.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sesanti, S. (2019). Decolonized and Afrocentric education: For centering African women in remembering, re-membering, and the African renaissance. Journal of Black Studies, 50(5), 431–449. https://doi.org/10.1177/0021934719847382.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shuford, B. C. (2011). Historical and philosophical development of multicultural student services. In D. L. Stewart (Ed.), Multicultural student services on campus: Building bridges, re-visioning community (pp. 29–37). Sterling: Stylus Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

  • Slack, J. D. (1996). The theory and method of articulation in cultural studies. In D. Morley and K.H. Chen (Eds.), Stuart Hall: Critical dialogues in cultural studies (pp. 113–129). London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith, S. (2018). About 70 percent of UNI students are white. Here’s how the university is addressing diversity. Retrieved from https://www.star-telegram.com/news/local/education/article207914819.html.

  • Steele, C. M. (1997). A threat in the air: How stereotypes shape intellectual identity and performance. American Psychologist, 52(6), 613–629.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stephens, N. (2018). Conversations continue about UNI's diversity, equity and inclusion efforts. UNI 360. Retrieved from https://tinyurl.com/y5vzvr5r.

  • Storey, J. (1996). What is cultural studies? A reader. New York: Bloomsbury.

    Google Scholar 

  • Strayhorn, T. L. (2013). Measuring race and gender differences in undergraduate students’ perceptions of campus climate and intentions to leave college: An analysis in black and white. Journal of Student Affairs Research and Practice, 50(2), 115–132. https://doi.org/10.1515/jsarp-2013-0010.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Suarez-Balcazar, Y., Orellana-Damacela, L., Portillo, N., Rowan, J., & Andrews-Guillen, C. (2003). Experiences of differential treatment among college students of color. Journal of Higher Education, 74(4), 428–444. Retrieved from www.jstor.org/stable/3648244.

    Google Scholar 

  • Treanor, P. (2005). Neoliberalism: origins, theory, definition. Retrieved from: http://web.inter.nl.net/users/Paul.Treanor/neoliberalism.html.

  • UNI. (2019a). Frequently asked questions. Retrieved from https://tinyurl.com/y4zslala.

  • UNI. (2019b). UNI Board of Trustees met today. Retrieved from https://tinyurl.com/y464auqw.

  • UNI. (2020a). Chancellor’s Scholars. Retrieved from https://tinyurl.com/y3go4wcl.

  • UNI. (2020b). Community Scholars. Retrieved from https://tinyurl.com/y566dqcc.

  • UNI. (2020c). Data and reports: The world is changing and so is UNI. Retrieved from https://tinyurl.com/y227g2lu.

  • UNI. (2020d). Diversity equity and inclusion. Retrieved from https://tinyurl.com/y23wrrnu.

  • UNI. (2020e). UNI inclusiveness and intercultural services. Retrieved from https://tinyurl.com/y3fn3kgw.

  • UNI. (2020f). Lead On. Retrieved from https://tinyurl.com/y2l2guho.

  • United States Census Bureau. (2020). QuickFacts [Southern United States City] [Data file]. Retrieved from https://tinyurl.com/y2rarhsy.

  • Wong, J. (1999). The anti-essentialism v. essentialism debate in feminist legal theory: The debate and beyond. Journal of Race, Gender, and Social Justice, 5(2), 273–296. Retrieved from https://scholarship.law.wm.edu/wmjowl/vol5/iss2/2.

  • Worthington, R. L., Navarro, R. L., Loewy, M., & Hart, J. (2008). Color-blind racial attitudes, social dominance orientation, racial-ethnic group membership and college students' perceptions of campus climate. Journal of Diversity in Higher Education, 1(1), 8–19. https://doi.org/10.1037/1938-8926.1.1.8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to M. Francyne Huckaby .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2021 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this entry

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this entry

Bryant, E., Roach, W.N., Titus, J.E., Huckaby, M.F. (2021). Troubling Social Justice Interventions for Predominantly White Institutions. In: Mullen, C.A. (eds) Handbook of Social Justice Interventions in Education. Springer International Handbooks of Education. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-35858-7_102

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics