Skip to main content

Sexualities and Intoxication: “To Be Intoxicated Is to Still Be Me, Just a Little Blurry”—Drugs, Enhancement and Transformation in Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender and Queer Cultures

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Cultures of Intoxication

Abstract

Despite evidence that drug use is higher among lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and queer (LGBTQ) populations, research that explores the gendered and sexual dynamics of LGBTQ substance use is limited. Responding to this opening in the literature, and drawing on 32 qualitative interviews from an Australian study, we consider how LGBTQ consumers pursue particular drug effects to change their experience of gender and/or sexuality. Our analysis suggests that for many consumers, drug use and the experience of intoxication enhances sexual pleasure. In the context of gender variance, intoxication can facilitate free gender expression and, in some cases, palliate bodily discomfort. Acknowledging the generative effects of drug use for gender and sexual transformation, we conclude by commenting on the implications of our analysis for LGBTQ health policy and practice.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
$34.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

Notes

  1. 1.

    Cisgender refers to a person whose gender conforms to the sex they were assigned at birth. For example, a cis man is a man who identifies as male and was assigned a male sex at birth. Transgender describes a person who identifies with a gender that does not align with the sex they were assigned at birth, for example, a trans woman is a woman who was assigned a male sex at birth but identifies as female. Genderqueer is sometimes used as an umbrella term for gender non-conforming or non-binaryidentities (e.g. agender, bigender and genderfluid). It describes a person who does not identify with the male/female binary and whose gender expression does not fit into a static identity category.

  2. 2.

    ‘Homoromantic’ refers to being attracted to someone of the same sex in a romantic but not necessarily sexual way.

  3. 3.

    ‘Bottoming’ refers to being the receptive partner during anal sex.

References

  • Bancroft, A. (2009). Drugs, intoxication and society. Cambridge: Polity Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barad, K. (2003). Posthumanist performativity: Toward an understanding of how matter comes to matter. Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society, 28(3), 801–831.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bourne, A., Reid, D., Hickson, F., Torres-Rueda, S., & Weatherburn, P. (2015). Illicit drug use in sexual settings (‘chemsex’) and HIV/STI transmission risk behaviour among gay men in South London: Findings from a qualitative study. Sexually Transmitted Infections, 91(8), 564–568. https://doi.org/10.1136/sextrans-2015-052052

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Burgess, K., Parkhill, G., Wiggins, J., Ruth, S., & Stoové, M. (2018). Re-wired: Treatment and peer support for men who have sex with men who use methamphetamine. Sexual Health, 15(2), 157–159. https://doi.org/10.1071/SH17148

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Butler, J. (1999). Gender trouble: Feminism and the subversion of identity. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dilkes-Frayne, E. (2016). Drugs at the campsite: Socio-spatial relations and drug use at music festivals. International Journal of Drug Policy, 33, 27–35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2015.10.004

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Duff, C. (2008). The pleasure in context. International Journal of Drug Policy, 19(5), 384–392. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2007.07.003

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Emslie, C., Lennox, J., & Ireland, L. (2017). The role of alcohol in identity construction among LGBT people: A qualitative study. Sociology of Health and Illness, 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9566.12605

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fairman, W. & Gogarty, M. (Directors). (2015). Chemsex, UK: Vice Production.

    Google Scholar 

  • Farrugia, A. (2015). “You can’t just give your best mate a massive hug every day”: Young men, play and MDMA. Contemporary Drug Problems, 42(3), 240–256.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Flynn, P. (2015, November 22). Addicted to chemsex: ‘It’s a horror story’. The Guardian. Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/nov/22/addicted-to-chemsex-gay-drugs-film

  • Fraser, S., Moore, D., & Keane, H. (2014). Habits: Remaking addiction. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Gonçalves, D. M., Kolstee, J., Ryan, D., & Race, K. (2016). Harm reduction in process: The ACON Rovers, GHB, and the art of paying attention. Contemporary Drug Problems, 43(4), 314–330. https://doi.org/10.1177/0091450916661821

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Griffin, C., Szmigin, I., Bengry-Howell, A., Hackley, C., & Mistral, W. (2013). Inhabiting the contradictions: Hypersexual femininity and the culture of intoxication among young women in the UK. Feminism & Psychology, 23(2), 184–206.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hart, A. (2015). Assembling interrelations between low socioeconomic status and acute alcohol-related harms among young adult drinkers. Contemporary Drug Problems, 42(2), 148–156.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hinote, B. P., & Webber, G. R. (2012). Drinking toward manhood: Masculinity and alcohol in the Former USSR. Men and Masculinities, 15(3), 292–310. https://doi.org/10.1177/1097184x12448466

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Holt, M. (2009). ‘Just take Viagra’: Erectile insurance, prophylactic certainty and deficit correction in gay men’s accounts of sexuopharmaceutical use. Sexualities, 12, 746–764. https://doi.org/10.1177/1363460709346112

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hughes, T. (2011). Alcohol use and alcohol-related problems among sexual minority women. Alcoholism Treatment Quarterly, 29(4), 403–435.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hunt, G., & Antin, T. (2017). Gender and intoxication: From masculinity to intersectionality. Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1080/09687637.2017.1349733

    Google Scholar 

  • Hunt, G., Antin, T., Sanders, E., & Sisneros, M. (2018). Queer youth, intoxication and queer drinking spaces. Journal of Youth Studies, 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1080/13676261.2018.1508826

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hutton, F., Wright, S., & Saunders, E. (2013). Cultures of intoxication: Young women, alcohol, and harm reduction. Contemporary Drug Problems, 40(4), 451–480.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Järvinen, M., & Room, R. (Eds.). (2007). Youth drinking cultures: European experiences (Vol. 13). Aldershot: Ashgate Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

  • Keane, H. (2009). Intoxication, harm and pleasure: An analysis of the Australian National Alcohol Strategy. Critical Public Health, 19(2), 135–142. https://doi.org/10.1080/09581590802350957

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Leonard, W., Lyons, A., & Bariola, E. (2015). A closer look at private lives 2: Addressing the mental health and wellbeing of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) Australians. Melbourne: Australian Research Centre in Sex, Health and Society (ARCSHS), La Trobe University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Leyshon, M. (2008). ‘We’re stuck in the corner’: Young women, embodiment and drinking in the countryside. Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy, 15(3), 267–289. https://doi.org/10.1080/09687630801920286

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Malins, P. (2017). Desiring assemblages: A case for desire over pleasure in critical drug studies. International Journal of Drug Policy. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2017.07.018

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Measham, F. (2002). “Doing Gender” – “Doing Drugs”: Conceptualizing the gendering of drugs cultures. Contemporary Drug Problems, 29(2), 335–373. https://doi.org/10.1177/009145090202900206

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Measham, F., Wood, D. M., Dargan, P. I., & Moore, K. (2011). The rise in legal highs: Prevalence and patterns in the use of illegal drugs and first- and second-generation “legal highs” in South London gay dance clubs. Journal of Substance Use, 16(4), 263–272. https://doi.org/10.3109/14659891.2011.594704

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Moore, D. (2008). Erasing pleasure from public discourse on illicit drugs: On the creation and reproduction of an absence. International Journal of Drug Policy, 19(5), 353–358.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Murphy, D. A., Wilson, J. C., & Moore, D. (2017). Playing hard: Young men’s experiences of drinking in inner-city Melbourne. Journal of Sociology, 53(2), 398–412.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Newcomb, M. E., Ryan, D. T., Greene, G. J., Garofalo, R., & Mustanski, B. (2014). Prevalence and patterns of smoking, alcohol use, and illicit drug use in young men who have sex with men. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 141(Supplement C), 65–71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.05.005

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Niland, P., Lyons, A. C., Goodwin, I., & Hutton, F. (2013). “Everyone can loosen up and get a bit of a buzz on”: Young adults, alcohol and friendship practices. International Journal of Drug Policy, 24(6), 530–537. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2013.05.013

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Peralta, R. L. (2007). College alcohol use and the embodiment of hegemonic masculinity among European American Men. Sex Roles, 56(11), 741–756. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-007-9233-1

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Peralta, R. L. (2008). “Alcohol allows you to not be yourself”: Toward a structured understanding of alcohol use and gender difference among gay, lesbian, and heterosexual youth. Journal of Drug Issues, 38(2), 373–399. https://doi.org/10.1177/002204260803800201

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pienaar, K., Fraser, S., Kokanovic, R., Moore, D., Treloar, C., & Dunlop, A. (2015). New narratives, new selves: Complicating addiction in online alcohol and other drug resources. Addiction Research and Theory, 23(6), 499–509.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Poulson, M. (2015). Embodied subjectivities: Bodily subjectivity and changing boundaries in post-human alcohol practices. Contemporary Drug Problems, 42(1), 3–19.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Preciado, B. (2013). Testo Junkie: Sex, drugs, and biopolitics in the pharmacopornographic era. New York: The Feminist Press at City University New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Race, K. (2009). Pleasure consuming medicine: The queer politics of drugs. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Race, K. (2011). Party animals: The significance of drug practices in the materialisation of urban gay identity. In S. Fraser & D. Moore (Eds.), The drug effect: Health, crime and society (pp. 35–56). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Race, K. (2014). Complex events: Drug effects and emergent causality. Contemporary Drug Problems, 41(3), 301–334.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Race, K. (2015). ‘Party and Play’: Online hook-up devices and the emergence of PNP practices among gay men. Sexualities, 18(3), 253–275.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Race, K. (2017). The gay science: Intimate experiments with the problem of HIV. London/New York: Routledge.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Race, K. (forthcoming). A lifetime on drugs. In S. Herring & L. Wallace (Eds.), Long term. Durham: Duke University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Race, K., Lea, T., Murphy, D., & Pienaar, K. (2016). The future of drugs: Recreational drug use and sexual health among gay and other men who have sex with men. Sexual Health. https://doi.org/10.1071/SH16080

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Reback, C. (1997). The social construction of a gay drug: Methamphetamine use among gay & bisexual males in Los Angeles. Report for the City of Los Angeles. Los Angeles: AIDS Coordinator.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rhodes, T., & Cusick, L. (2002). Accounting for unprotected sex: Stories of agency and acceptability. Social Science & Medicine, 55(2), 211–226. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0277-9536(01)00162-9

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rivas, J. (2015). Intoxication and toxicity in a ‘Pharmacopornographic Era’: Beatriz Preciado’s Testo Junkie. In E. Brennan & R. Williams (Eds.), Literature and intoxication: Writing, politics and the experience of excess (pp. 147–159). London: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Roxburgh, A., Lea, T., de Wit, J., & Degenhardt, L. (2016). Sexual identity and prevalence of alcohol and other drug use among Australians in the general population. International Journal of Drug Policy, 28, 76–82.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Salih, S. (2007). On Judith Butler and performativity. In K. Lovas & M. Jenkins (Eds.), Sexualities and communication in everyday life: A reader (pp. 55–68). Thousand Oaks, CA and London: Sage Publications.

    Google Scholar 

  • Southgate, E., & Hopwood, M. (2001). The role of folk pharmacology and lay experts in harm reduction: Sydney gay drug using networks. International Journal of Drug Policy, 12(4), 321–335. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0955-3959(01)00096-2

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stardust, Z., Kolstee, J., Joksic, S., Gray, J., & Hannan, S. (2018). A community-led, harm-reduction approach to chemsex: Case study from Australia’s largest gay city. Sexual Health, 15(2), 179–181. https://doi.org/10.1071/SH17145

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stryker, S., & Whittle, S. (2006). The transgender studies reader. New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • valentine, k., & Fraser, S. (2008). Trauma, damage and pleasure: Rethinking problematic drug use. International Journal of Drug Policy, 19(5), 410–416. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2007.08.001

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Weatherburn, P., Davies, P. M., Hickson, F. C., Hunt, A. J., McManus, T. J., & Coxon, A. P. (1993). No connection between alcohol use and unsafe sex among gay and bisexual men. Aids, 7(1), 115–119.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Westhaver, R. (2005). ‘Coming out of your skin’: Circuit parties, pleasure and the subject. Sexualities, 8(3), 347–374. https://doi.org/10.1177/1363460705053338

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zajdow, G. (2010). ‘It blasted me into space’: Intoxication and an ethics of pleasure. Health Sociology Review, 19(2), 218–229. https://doi.org/10.5172/hesr.2010.19.2.218

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The research reported in this chapter was funded by an Australian Research Council Discovery Grant (DP170101373), awarded to Kane Race, Toby Lea and Kiran Pienaar. It also benefited from the support of the Gender and Cultural Studies Program, Faculty of Arts, University of Sydney; the Faculty of Arts, Monash University and the University of New South Wales. The interviews were conducted by Dean Murphy, Kiran Pienaar and David Vakalis. The study benefited from the expertise of an advisory panel and the assistance of Australian LGBTIQ organisations. The authors thank the editor for comments on earlier drafts of this chapter. They also thank the participants for generously sharing their stories and insights—without them this research would not be possible.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Kiran Pienaar .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2020 The Author(s)

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Pienaar, K., Murphy, D., Race, K., Lea, T. (2020). Sexualities and Intoxication: “To Be Intoxicated Is to Still Be Me, Just a Little Blurry”—Drugs, Enhancement and Transformation in Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender and Queer Cultures. In: Hutton, F. (eds) Cultures of Intoxication. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-35284-4_7

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-35284-4_7

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-35283-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-35284-4

  • eBook Packages: Law and CriminologyLaw and Criminology (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics