Abstract
In addition to adenocarcinoma, the stomach carries the risk for many benign and some malignant tumors. There is an increase in the prevalence of these tumors as age advances. The benign tumors of importance are the neoplastic epithelial adenomas, fundic gland polyps, and the hyperplastic polyps. The malignant tumors are primary gastric lymphoma, GISTs, the neuro-endocrine carcinoids tumors, and rarely others.
The majority (70–90%) of gastric epithelial polyps are incidental findings and by histology fundic gland polyps (FGPs) or hyperplastic polyps. The mean age of diagnosis is between the ages of 65 and 75 years. Gastric adenomas (GA) may be tubular, villous, or tubulovillous, arise in the background of gastric mucosal atrophy and intestinal metaplasia, and are premalignant.
A gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) is the most common mesenchymal tumor of the gastrointestinal tract. GIST tumors grow from interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs) and can be malignant or benign. GIST tumors are treated by surgery and in selected cases with the chemotherapeutic agent Imatinib.
Carcinoid tumors may occur with or without hypergastrinemia. Type 1 carcinoid tumors associated with atrophic gastritis and type 2 with gastrin producing tumors arise in association with hypergastrinemia. In contrast, the more malignant type, type 3, is not associated with high gastrin levels.
Primary non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) is a relatively uncommon gastric neoplasm, accounting for about 5% of gastric malignancies. The two major histological subtypes are marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL).
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Pitchumoni, C.S., Chaubal, A., Desai, G. (2021). Gastric Tumors (Other than Adenocarcinoma). In: Pitchumoni, C.S., Dharmarajan, T. (eds) Geriatric Gastroenterology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-30192-7_117
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