Abstract
The text introduces basic concepts and problems of artificial intelligence and social responsibility under the perspective of robot ethics and machine ethics. It is composed of two sections. In sect. 1 concerning the relation of artificial intelligence (further on abbreviated as AI) and social responsibility (further on abbreviated as SR), three things are summarized, namely, basic issues surrounding the topic in sect. 1.1, important concepts and their relations in sect. 1.2, and a note on the literature in sect. 1.3. In the sect. 2 three groups of issues are presented, analyzed, and discussed, namely, AI and fundamental morality and ethics in terms of SR in sect. 2.1, AI and general principles of SR in sect. 2.2, AI and particular types of SR regarding particular stakeholder groups of AI and particular AI in sect. 2.3, and AI and its social implications in sect. 2.4.
Could a machine think? – Could it be in pain? – Well, is the human body to be called such a machine? It surely comes as close as possible to being such a machine. (Wittgenstein PI: 359)
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Allen C, Varner G, Zinser J (2000) Prolegomena to any future artificial moral agent. J Exp Theor Artif Intell 12:251–261
Allen C, Wallach W, Smith I (2006) Why machine ethics? IEEE Intell Syst 21(4):12–17
Anderson SL (2011) Philosophical concerns with machine ethics. In: Anderson M, Anderson SL (eds) Machine ethics. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, pp 162–167
Asaro P (2006) What should we want from a robot ethic? Int Rev Inf Ethics 6:10–16
Borenstein J, Pearson Y (2010) Robot caregivers: harbingers of expanded freedom for all? Ethics Inf Technol 12(3):277–288
Bostrom N (2003) The ethical issues of advanced artificial intelligence, Paper presented at the IIAS 2003, Baden Baden, GE. In: Smit S, Wallach W, Lasker L (eds) Cognitive, emotive and ethical aspects of decision making in humans and in artificial intelligence, vol 11. IIAS, Baden Baden, pp 12–17
Brett AK, Tyler H, Jake H (2017) Disruptive technology: economic consequences of artificial intelligence and the robotics revolution. J Strateg Innov Sustain 12(2):53–67
Bringsjord S (2007) Ethical robots: the future can heed us. AI Soc 22(4):539–550
Bryson JJ (2017) The meaning of the EPSRC principles of robotics. Connect Sci 29(2):130–136
Cath C, Wachter S, Mittelstadt B, Taddeo M, Floridi L (2018) Artificial Intelligence and the ‘Good Society’: the US, EU, and UK approach. Sci Eng Ethics 24(2):505–528
Clarke R (1993) Asimov’s Laws of robotics: implications for information technology. IEEE Computer 26(12):53–61
Clarke R (1994) Asimov’s Laws of robotics: implications for information technology. IEEE Computer 27(1):57–66
Coeckelbergh M (2010) Moral appearances: emotions, robots, and human morality. Ethics Inf Technol 12(3):235–241
Dennett D (1998) The practical requirements for making a conscious robot. In: Dennett (ed) Brainchildren: essays on designing minds. Penguin Books, London, pp 153–170
Ferreira MIA, Sequeira JS, Tokhi MO, Kadar EE, Virk FL, Sanders JW (2004) On the morality of artificial agents. Mind Mach 14(3):349–379
Floridi L (2004) Open problems in the philosophy of information. Metaphilosophy 35(4):554–582
Hew PC (2014) Artificial moral agents are infeasible with foreseeable technologies. Ethics Inf Technol 16(3):197–206
Krkač K (2019) Corporate social irresponsibility: humans vs. artificial intelligence. Soc Responsib J 15(6):786–802
Krkač K, Jalšenjak B (eds) (2018) Applied ethics and Artificial Intelligence, Contributions of the International Conference on Applied Ethics and Artificial Intelligence, June 8, 2018, Zagreb School of Economics and Management, Croatia, Zagreb, ZSEM
Lin P (2012) Introduction to robot ethics. In: Lin P, Abney K, Bekey GA (eds) Robot ethics, the ethical and social implications of robotics. The MIT Press, Cambridge, MA/London, pp 3–17
Loh J (2018) On building responsible robots. In: Karafillidis A, Weidner R (eds) Developing support technologies: integrating multiple perspectives to create assistance that people really want, vol 23. Springer International Publishing AG, Biosystems and Biorobotics, pp 101–108. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-01836-8_9
Loh J (Sombetzki), Loh W (2017) Autonomy and responsibility in hybrid systems. The example of autonomous cars. In: Lin P, Jenkins R, Abney K (eds) Robot ethics 2.0: from autonomous cars to artificial intelligence. Oxford University Press, New York, pp 35–50
Moor JH (2006) The nature, importance and difficulty of machine ethics. IEEE Intell Syst 21(4):18–21
Moor JH (2009) Four kinds of ethical robots. In: Philosophy now, a magazine of ideas. https://philosophynow.org/issues/72/Four_Kinds_of_Ethical_Robots. Accessed 07 Oct 2019
Nilsson N (1998) Artificial intelligence: a new synthesis. Morgan Kaufmann, San Francisco
Nissenbaum H (2001) How computer systems embody values. Computer 34(3):118–119
Palmer K (1995) Tightening environmental standards: the benefit-cost or the no-cost paradigm? J Econ Perspect 9(4):119–132. https://doi.org/10.1257/jep.9.4.119
Poole D, Mackworth A, Goebel R (1998) Computational intelligence: a logical approach. Oxford University Press, New York
Russell SJ, Norvig P (2003) Artificial intelligence: a modern approach, 2nd edn. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River
Sharkey N, Sharkey A (2010) The crying shame of robot nannies: an ethical appraisal. Interact Stud 11(2):161–190
Solaiman SM (2016) Legal personality of robots, corporations, idols and chimpanzees: a quest for legitimacy. Artif Intell Law 1–25. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10506-016-9192-3
Sparrow R (2004) The Turing triage test. Ethics Inf Technol 6(4):203–213
Sullins JP (2006) When is a robot a moral agent? In: Anderson M, Anderson SL (eds) Machine ethics. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, pp 151–161
Sullins JP (2012) Robots, love, and sex: the ethics of building a love machine. Affect Comput IEEE Trans 3(4):398–409
Torrance S (2011) Machine ethics and the idea of a more-than-human moral world. In: Anderson M, Anderson SL (eds) Machine ethics. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, pp 115–137
UNI Global Union. http://www.thefutureworldofwork.org/media/35420/uni_ethical_ai.pdf
Vallor S (2011) Carebots and caregivers: sustaining the ethical ideal of care in the twenty-first century. Philos Technol 24(3):251–268
van Wynsberghe A (2013) Designing robots for care: care centered value-sensitive design. Sci Eng Ethics 19(2):407–433
Veruggio G (2006) Roboethics Roadmap, 2006 6th IEEE-RAS International Conference on Humanoid Robots. https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/4115667/citations#citations
Wallach W, Allen C (2009) Moral machines: teaching robots right from wrong. Oxford University Press, Oxford
Wallach W, Allen C, Smit I (2008) Machine morality: bottom-up and top-down approaches for modelling human moral faculties. AI & Soc 22(4):565–582
Whitbly B (2008) Computing machinery and morality. AI & Soc 22(4):551–563
Wittgenstein L (2009) Philosophical investigations, 4th edn. Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford
Zhao WW (2018) Improving social responsibility of artificial intelligence by using ISO 26000. IOP Conf Ser Mater Sci Eng 428(1):012–049
Key References
Anderson M, Anderson SL (eds) (2011) Machine ethics. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK
Asimov I (1951) Runaround in Asimov, Isaac I, robot. Gnome Press, New York
Boddington P (2017) Towards a code of ethics for artificial intelligence. Springer International AG, Cham
Čapek K (1921) Rossum’s universal robots (2004 ed) (trans: Novack C). Penguin Group, New York
Himma KE, Tavani HT (2008) The handbook of information and computer ethics. Wiley, Oxford
Müller VC (ed) (2013) Philosophy and theory of artificial intelligence. Springer, Berlin/Heidelberg
Veruggio G, Operto F (2006a) Roboethics: a bottom-up interdisciplinary discourse in the field of applied ethics in robotics. Int Rev Inf Ethics 6:2–8
Veruggio G, Operto F (2006b) Roboethics: social and ethical implications of robotics. In: Siciliano B, Khatib O (eds) Springer handbook of robotics. Springer, Berlin, pp 1499–1524
Wallach W, Asaro P (eds) (2017) Machine ethics and robot ethics. Routledge, London
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Section Editor information
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2020 The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this entry
Cite this entry
Krkač, K., Bračević, I. (2020). Artificial Intelligence and Social Responsibility. In: Seifi, S. (eds) The Palgrave Handbook of Corporate Social Responsibility . Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-22438-7_41-1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-22438-7_41-1
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-22438-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-22438-7
eBook Packages: Springer Reference Religion and PhilosophyReference Module Humanities and Social SciencesReference Module Humanities