Abstract
In recent decades, many studies have focused on the issue of diversity in organizations due to the increasing interest on its possible impact on firms’ performance and other organizational aspects. Because of the growing globalized markets, greater mobility, and demographic developments which are bringing more people to work with others who differ in cultural, demographic, informational, and personality attributes, scholars have concentrated on various type of team variety within organizations, e.g. gender, nationality, educational, age, ethnicity, and race. Despite the different goals of these researches, most insiders agree that diversity plays an essential role for the efficacy of management and decisions, long term prosperity, and ability to develop relationships with the external environment. Nevertheless, the findings of many studies are conflicting and suggest a negative role of diversity. For these reasons, this paper, focusing on one aspect of organizational variety, i.e. nationality diversity, aims to propose a brief review of the main existing studies on this topic. The final purpose of this contribution is to discuss and understand what are the results and limits of these studies.
The authors are entered in alphabetical order by their last names. The individual contributions of the authors are the following. F. Maturo: Introduction, Conclusions, Table 6. S. Migliori: Sects. 2.1 and 2.3. F. Paolone: Abstract, Sect. 2.2.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Ararat, M., Aksu, M., Tansel Cetin, A.: How board diversity affects firm performance in emerging markets: evidence on channels in controlled firms. Corp. Gov. (Oxford) 23(2), 83–103 (2015). www.scopus.com
Arnegger, M., Hofmann, C., Pull, K., Vetter, K.: Firm size and board diversity. J. Manage. Gov. 18(4), 1109–1135 (May 2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10997-013-9273-6
Ayuso, S., Argandoña, A.: Responsible corporate governance: towards a stakeholder board of directors? Corp. Owner. Control 6(4) (2009). https://doi.org/10.22495/cocv6i4p1
Barako, G., Brown, A.: Corporate social reporting and board representation: evidence from the Kenyan banking sector. J. Manage. Gov. 12(4), 309–324 (May 2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10997-008-9053-x
Ben-Amar, W., Francoeur, C., Hafsi, T., Labelle, R.: What makes better boards? a closer look at diversity and ownership. Brit. J. Manage. 24(1), 85–101 (Nov 2011). https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8551.2011.00789.x
Berle, A., Means, G.: The modern corporation and private property. Macmillan, N.Y. (1932)
Biemann, T., Kearney, E.: Size does matter: how varying group sizes in a sample affect the most common measures of group diversity. Org. Res. Methods 13(3), 582–599 (Jul 2010). https://doi.org/10.1177/1094428109338875
Blau, P.: Inequality and heterogeneity. Free Press, New York (1977)
Brickley, J.A., Zimmerman, J.L.: Corporate governance myths: Comments on Armstrong, Guay, and Weber. SSRN Electron. J. (2010). https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1681030
Bronzetti, G., Mazzotta, R., Sicoli, G.: Governance, board diversity and firm value: the case of the Italian publicly listed firms. Corp. Owner. Control 8(1) (2010). https://doi.org/10.22495/cocv8i1c6p5
Chen, C.-W., Lin, J.B., Yi, B.: CEO duality and firm performance—an endogenous issue. Corp. Owner. Control (2008). https://doi.org/10.22495/cocv6i1p6
Darmadi, S.: Board diversity and firm performance: the Indonesian evidence. Corp. Owner. Control 8(2) (2011). https://doi.org/10.22495/cocv8i2c4p4
Davis, J., Donaldson, F.S.L.: Toward a stewardship theory of management. Acad. Manage. Rev. 22(1), 20–47 (1997)
Di Battista, T., Fortuna, F., Maturo, F.: Parametric functional analysis of variance for fish biodiversity. In: International Conference on Marine and Freshwater Environments, iMFE 2014 (2014). www.scopus.com
Di Battista, T., Fortuna, F., Maturo, F.: Environmental monitoring through functional biodiversity tools. Ecol. Ind. 60, 237–247 (2016a)
Di Battista, T., Fortuna, F., Maturo, F.: Parametric functional analysis of variance for fish biodiversity assessment. J. Environ. Inf. 28(2), 101–109 (2016b). https://doi.org/10.3808/jei.201600348
Di Battista, T., Fortuna, F., Maturo, F.: BioFTF: an R package for biodiversity assessment with the functional data analysis approach. Ecol. Ind. 73, 726–732 (Feb 2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2016.10.032
Donaldson, L., Davis, J.: Stewardship theory or agency theory: CEO governance and shareholder returns. Aust. J. Manage. 16(1), 49–64 (1991). https://doi.org/10.1177/031289629101600103
Estélyi, K.S., Nisar, T.M.: Diverse boards: why do firms get foreign nationals on their boards? J. Corp. Fin. 39, 174–192 (Aug 2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcorpfin.2016.02.006
Eulerich, M., Velte, P., Uum van, C.: The impact of management board diversity on corporate performance—an empirical analysis for the German two-tier system. Prob. Persp. Manage. 12(1), 25–39 (2014). ISSN 1727-7051
European Commission. Diversity within small and medium-sized enterprises—best practices and approaches for moving ahead. Brussels (2015)
García-Meca, E., García-Sánchez, I.-M., Martínez-Ferrero, J.: Board diversity and its effects on bank performance: an international analysis. J. Bank. Fin. 53, 202–214 (Apr 2015). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbankfin.2014.12.002
Hahn, P., Lasfer, M.: Impact of foreign directors on board meeting frequency. Int. Rev. Fin. Anal. 46, 295–308 (Jul 2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.irfa.2015.11.004
Harrison, D.A., Klein, K.J.: What’s the difference? diversity constructs as separation, variety, or disparity in organizations. Acad. Manage. Rev. 32(4), 1199–1228 (2007). www.scopus.com
Herfindahl, O.: Concentration in the Steel Industry. Columbia University (1950). https://books.google.it/books?id=vsZ4YgEACAAJ
Hill, M.: Diversity and evenness: a unifying notation and its consequences. Ecology 54, 427–432 (1973)
Hillman, A.J., Cannella, A.A., Paetzold, R.L.: The resource dependence role of corporate directors: strategic adaptation of board composition in response to environmental change. J. Manage. Stud. 37(2), 235–256 (Mar 2000). https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-6486.00179
Hirschman, A.O.: The paternity of an index. Am. Econ. Rev. 54(5), 761–762 (1964). ISSN 00028282. https://doi.org/10.2307/1818582
Hoang, T.C., Abeysekera, I., Ma, S.: The effect of board diversity on earnings quality: an empirical study of listed firms in Vietnam. Aust. Acc. Rev. 27(2), 146–163 (Dec 2016). https://doi.org/10.1111/auar.12128
Jensen, M.C., Meckling, W.H.: Theory of the firm: managerial behavior, agency costs and ownership structure. J. Fin. Econ. 3(4), 305–360 (Oct 1976). ISSN 0304405X. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-405x(76)90026-x
Kaczmarek, S., Kimino, S., Pye, A.: Antecedents of board composition: the role of nomination committees. Corp. Gov. Int. Rev. 20(5), 474–489 (May 2012). https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8683.2012.00913.x
Matari, E.M.A., Swidi, A.K.A., Fadzil, F.H.B.: The moderating effect of board diversity on the relationship between executive committee characteristics and firm performance in Oman: empirical study. Asian Soc. Sci. 10(12) (May 2014). https://doi.org/10.5539/ass.v10n12p6
Maturo, F., Di Battista, T.: A functional approach to Hill’s numbers for assessing changes in species variety of ecological communities over time. Ecol. Ind. 84, 70 – 81 (2018). ISSN 1470-160X. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2017.08.016, http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1470160X17304934
Maturo, F., Migliori, S., Consorti, A.: Corporate board diversity. In: Haller, A., Galea, M. (eds.), Proceedings of the International Conference “Humanities and Social Sciences Today.” Economics, pp. 113–124. Pro Universitaria, Bucharest (2015)
Maturo, F., Di Battista, T., Fortuna, F.: Biodiversity assessment using functional tool. R package BioFTF (2016)
Maturo, F., Migliori, S., Paolone, F.: Do institutional or foreign shareholders influence national board diversity? assessing board diversity through functional data analysis, pp. 199–217. Springer International Publishing, Cham (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-54819-7_14
Mayo, M., van Knippenberg, D., Guillén, L., Firfiray, S.: Team diversity and categorization salience. Org. Res. Methods 19(3), 433–474 (Jul 2016). https://doi.org/10.1177/1094428116639130
Oxelheim, L., Randøy, T.: The impact of foreign board membership on firm value. J. Bank. Fin. 27(12), 2369–2392 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1016/s0378-4266(02)00395-3
Patil, G., Taillie, C.: An overview of diversity. In: Grassle, J., Patil, G., Smith, W., Taillie, C. (eds.) Ecological Diversity in Theory and Practice, pp. 23–48. International Co-operative Publishing House, Fairland, MD (1979)
Patil, G., Taillie, C.: Diversity as a concept and its measurement. J. Am. Stat. Ass. 77, 548–567 (1982)
Pfeffer, J., Langton, N.: The effect of wage dispersion on satisfaction, productivity, and working collaboratively: evidence from college and university faculty. Adm. Sci. Quart. 38(3), 382 (Sept 1993). https://doi.org/10.2307/2393373
Pielou, E.: Ecological Diversity. Wiley, New York (1975)
Randøy, T., Thomsen, S., Oxelheim, L.: A nordic perspective on corporate board diversity. Age 390(0.5428) (2006)
Ricotta, C., Corona, P., Marchetti, M., Chirici, G., Innamorati, S.: LaDy: software for assessing local landscape diversity profiles of raster land cover maps using geographic windows. Environ. Model. Softw. 18, 373–378 (2003)
Rose, C.: Does female board representation influence firm performance? the Danish evidence. Corp. Gov. Int. Rev. 15(2), 404–413 (Mar 2007). https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8683.2007.00570.x
Ruigrok, W., Peck, S., Tacheva, S.: Nationality and gender diversity on Swiss corporate boards. Corp. Gov. Int. Rev. 15(4), 546–557 (Jul 2007). https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8683.2007.00587.x
Santen, B., Donker, H.: Board diversity in the perspective of financial distress: empirical evidence from the Netherlands. Corp. Board Role Duties Comp. 5(2) (2009). https://doi.org/10.22495/cbv5i2art3
Shannon, C.: A mathematical theory of communication. Bell Syst. Tech. J. 27, 379–423 (1948)
Shehata, N.F.: How could board diversity influence corporate disclosure? Corp. Board Role Duties Comp. 9(3) (2013). https://doi.org/10.22495/cbv9i3art4
Simpson, E.: Measurement of diversity. Nat. 163, 688 (1949)
Teachman, J.D.: Analysis of population diversity. Sociol. Methods Res. 8(3), 341–362 (Feb 1980). https://doi.org/10.1177/004912418000800305
Ujunwa, A.: Board characteristics and the financial performance of Nigerian quoted firms. Corp. Gov. Int. J. Bus. Soc. 12(5), 656–674 (Oct 2012). https://doi.org/10.1108/14720701211275587
Urban, R., Hošková-Mayerová, Š.: Threat life cycle and its dynamics. Deturope 9(2), 93–109 (2017). ISSN 1821-2506
Vallejo Andrada, A., Hošková-Mayerová, Š., Krahulec, J., Sarasola Sanchez-Serrano, J.L.: Risks associated with reality: how society views the current wave of migration: one common problem—two different solutions. Springer International Publishing, pp. 283–305 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-54819-7_19
van Knippenberg, D., Schippers, M.C.: Work group diversity. Ann. Rev. Psychol. 58(1), 515–541 (Jan 2007). https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.58.110405.085546
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Maturo, F., Migliori, S., Paolone, F. (2019). Nationality Board Diversity in Organizations: A Brief Review and Future Research Directions. In: Flaut, C., Hošková-Mayerová, Š., Flaut, D. (eds) Models and Theories in Social Systems. Studies in Systems, Decision and Control, vol 179. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-00084-4_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-00084-4_3
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-00083-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-00084-4
eBook Packages: Intelligent Technologies and RoboticsIntelligent Technologies and Robotics (R0)