Abstract
The cyclic nucleotide 3′,5′-cyclic guanyl monophosphate (cGMP) has been implicated in the regulation of important plant processes. To unravel its physiological role further, accurate recording of dynamic changes in cGMP concentration is necessary. Fluorescent sensors based on biological molecules for “live imaging” are ideal for this since they have high specificity, a sensitivity that is in the range of biologically relevant concentrations, high spatial and dynamic resolution, and measurements with such sensors are nondestructive. In this chapter we describe the use of the cGMP FlincG sensor in plant materials that either transiently or stably express this sensor.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Newton RP, Smith CJ (2004) Cyclic nucleotides. Phytochemistry 65:2423–2437
Essah PA, Davenport R, Tester M (2003) Sodium influx and accumulation in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol 133:307–318
Maathuis FJM (2006) cGMP modulates gene transcription and cation transport in Arabidopsis roots. Plant J 45:700–711
Maathuis FJM, Sanders D (2001) Sodium uptake in Arabidopsis roots is regulated by cyclic nucleotides. Plant Physiol 127:1617–1625
Rubio F, Flores P, Navarro JM, Martinez V (2003) Effects of Ca2+, K+ and cGMP on Na+ uptake in pepper plants. Plant Sci 165:1043–1049
Bowler C, Neuhaus G, Yamagata H, Chua NH (1994) Cyclic GMP and calcium mediate phytochrome phototransduction. Cell 77:73–81
Penson SP, Schuurink RC, Fath A, Gubler F, Jacobsen JV, Jones RL (1996) cGMP is required for gibberellic acid-induced gene expression in barley aleurone. Plant Cell 8:2325–2333
Durner J, Wendehenne D, Klessig DF (1998) Defense gene induction in tobacco by nitric oxide, cyclic GMP, and cyclic ADP-ribose. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 95:10328–10333
Ma W, Qi Z, Smigel A, Walker RK, Verma R, Berkowitz GA (2009) Ca2+, cAMP, and transduction of non-self perception during plant immune responses. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 106:20995–21000
Donaldson L, Ludidi N, Knight MR, Gehring C, Denby K (2004) Salt and osmotic stress cause rapid increases in Arabidopsis thaliana cGMP levels. FEBS Lett 569:317–320
Isner JC, Maathuis FJM (2011) Measurement of cellular cGMP in plant cells and tissues using the endogenous fluorescent reporter FlincG. Plant J 65:329–334
Hellens RP, Edwards EA, Leyland NR, Bean S, Mullineaux PM (2000) pGreen: a versatile and flexible binary Ti vector for Agrobacterium-mediated plant transformation. Plant Mol Biol 42:819–832
Abel S, Theologis A (1994) Transient transformation of Arabidopsis leaf protoplasts, a versatile experimental system to study gene expression. Plant J 5:421–427
Sinnecker D, Voigt P, Hellwig N, Schaefer M (2005) Reversible photobleaching of enhanced green fluorescent proteins. Biochemistry 44:7085–7094
Nausch LW, Ledoux J, Bonev AD, Nelson MT, Dostmann WR (2008) Differential patterning of cGMP in vascular smooth muscle cells revealed by single GFP-linked biosensors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 105:365–370
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2013 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this protocol
Cite this protocol
Isner, JC., Maathuis, F.J.M. (2013). In Vivo Imaging of cGMP in Plants. In: Gehring, C. (eds) Cyclic Nucleotide Signaling in Plants. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 1016. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-441-8_5
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-441-8_5
Published:
Publisher Name: Humana Press, Totowa, NJ
Print ISBN: 978-1-62703-440-1
Online ISBN: 978-1-62703-441-8
eBook Packages: Springer Protocols