Abstract
Carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) are essential elements for metabolism, and the ratio of C to N availability is called the C/N balance. C/N balance is very important for plant growth, but little is known about the detailed mechanisms of plant C/N responses. Previously a method of treating Arabidopsis plants with sugar-supplemented medium for studying C/N responses at early post-germinative growth stages has been developed. This method, however, cannot be used to determine physiological C/N effects in plants of mature growth stages, including senescence. Here we present two methods of analyzing responses to C/N treatments in senescing plants: transient C/N treatment with liquid medium and long-term C/N treatment with elevated atmospheric CO2.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Coruzzi GM, Zhou L (2001) Carbon and nitrogen sensing and signaling in plants: emerging ‘matrix effects’. Curr Opin Plant Biol 4:247–253
Martin T, Oswald O, Graham IA (2002) Arabidopsis seedling growth, storage lipid mobilization, and photosynthetic gene expression are regulated by carbon:nitrogen availability. Plant Physiol 128:472–481
Gibon Y, Blasing OE, Palacios-Rojas N et al (2004) Adjustment of diurnal starch turnover to short days: depletion of sugar during the night leads to a temporary inhibition of carbohydrate utilization, accumulation of sugars and post-translational activation of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase in the following light period. Plant J 39:847–862
Miller AJ, Fan X, Orsel M et al (2007) Nitrate transport and signalling. J Exp Bot 58:2297–2306
Smith AM, Stitt M (2007) Coordination of carbon supply and plant growth. Plant Cell Environ 30:1126–1149
Kiba T, Kudo T, Kojima M et al (2011) Hormonal control of nitrogen acquisition: roles of auxin, abscisic acid, and cytokinin. J Exp Bot 62:1399–1409
Sato T, Maekawa S, Yasuda S et al (2009) CNI1/ATL31, a RING-type ubiquitin ligase that functions in the carbon/nitrogen response for growth phase transition in Arabidopsis seedlings. Plant J 60:852–864
Rolland F, Baena-Gonzalez E, Sheen J (2006) Sugar sensing and signaling in plants: conserved and novel mechanisms. Annu Rev Plant Biol 57:675–709
Wingler A, Purdy S, MacLean JA et al (2006) The role of sugars in integrating environmental signals during the regulation of leaf senescence. J Exp Bot 57:391–399
Watanabe M, Balazadeh S, Tohge T et al (2013) Comprehensive dissection of spatiotemporal metabolic shifts in primary, secondary, and lipid metabolism during developmental senescence in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol 162:1290–1310
Long SP, Ainsworth EA, Rogers A et al (2004) Rising atmospheric carbon dioxide: plants FACE the future. Annu Rev Plant Biol 55:591–628
Hikosaka K, Kinugasa T, Oikawa S et al (2011) Effects of elevated CO2 concentration on seed production in C-3 annual plants. J Exp Bot 62:1523–1530
Knohl A, Veldkamp E (2011) Global change: indirect feedbacks to rising CO2. Nature 475:177–178
Aoyama S, Huarancca Reyes T, Guglielminetti L et al (2014) Ubiquitin ligase ATL31 functions in leaf senescence in response to the balance between atmospheric CO2 and nitrogen availability in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell Physiol 55:293–305
Porra RJ (2002) The chequered history of the development and use of simultaneous equations for the accurate determination of chlorophylls a and b. Photosynth Res 73:149–156
Neff MM, Chory J (1998) Genetic interactions between phytochrome A, phytochrome B, and cryptochrome 1 during Arabidopsis development. Plant Physiol 118:27–35
Acknowledgments
We thank Dr. Juntaro Negi (Kyushu University) for technical advice on the CO2 manipulation system and Drs. Takushi Hachiya (Nagoya University) and Junpei Takano (Osaka Prefecture University) for technical advice on the hydroponic culture method. This work was supported by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research (No. 24770035, 15K18819 and 17K08190) to TS, on Innovation Areas (No. 24114701 and No. 25112501) to JY, and in part by The Akiyama Foundation to TS. SA was supported by the Research Fellowship for Young Scientists from the JSPS (15J01802) and the Plant Global Education Project from the Nara Institute of Science and Technology (2013–2014).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC
About this protocol
Cite this protocol
Aoyama, S., Yamaguchi, J., Sato, T. (2018). Methods for Elucidation of Plant Senescence in Response to C/N-Nutrient Balance. In: Guo, Y. (eds) Plant Senescence. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 1744. Humana Press, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-7672-0_14
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-7672-0_14
Published:
Publisher Name: Humana Press, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4939-7670-6
Online ISBN: 978-1-4939-7672-0
eBook Packages: Springer Protocols