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MicroRNA Networks in Breast Cancer Cells

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Cancer Systems Biology

Part of the book series: Methods in Molecular Biology ((MIMB,volume 1711))

Abstract

A variety of molecular techniques can be used in order to unravel the molecular composition of cells. In particular, the microarray technology has been used to identify novel biomarkers that may be useful in the diagnosis, prognosis, or treatment of cancer. The microarray technology is ideal for biomarker discovery as it allows for the screening of a large number of molecules at once. In this review, we focus on microRNAs (miRNAs) which are key molecules in cells and regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally. miRNAs are small, single-stranded RNA molecules that bind to complementary mRNAs. Binding of miRNAs to mRNAs leads either to degradation, or translational inhibition of the target mRNA. Roughly one third of all the mRNAs are postulated to be regulated by miRNAs. miRNAs are known to be deregulated in different types of cancer, including breast cancer, and it has been demonstrated that deregulation of several miRNAs can be used as biological markers in cancer. miRNA expression can for example discriminate between normal, benign and malignant breast tissue, and between different breast cancer subtypes.

In the post-genomic era, an important task of molecular biology is to understand gene regulation in the context of biological networks. Because miRNAs have such a pronounced role in cells, it is pivotal to understand the mechanisms that underlie their control, and to identify how miRNAs influence cancer development and progression.

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Acknowledgments

Parts of this review have been part of two doctoral theses from the University of Oslo, Norway, under the supervision of V.N.K.: one of M.R.A., fellow of the Research Council of Norway, and one of A.T., fellow of the South-Eastern Norway Regional Health Authority. Both are at present postdoctoral fellows of the South-Eastern Norway Regional Health Authority.

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Author notes

  1. Andliena Tahiri and Miriam R. Aure contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Clinical Molecular Biology (EpiGen), Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway

    Andliena Tahiri & Vessela N. Kristensen

  2. Department of Cancer Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Ullernchausseen 70, 0379, Oslo, Norway

    Miriam R. Aure & Vessela N. Kristensen

Authors
  1. Andliena Tahiri
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  2. Miriam R. Aure
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  3. Vessela N. Kristensen
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Correspondence to Vessela N. Kristensen .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. NNF Center for Protein Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

    Louise von Stechow

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Tahiri, A., Aure, M.R., Kristensen, V.N. (2018). MicroRNA Networks in Breast Cancer Cells. In: von Stechow, L. (eds) Cancer Systems Biology. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 1711. Humana Press, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-7493-1_4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-7493-1_4

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