Abstract
Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) represents a significant high morbidity complication of heparin therapy. The clinicopathological diagnosis of HIT remains challenging for many reasons; thus, laboratory testing represents an important component of an accurate diagnosis. Although there are many assays available to assess HIT, these essentially fall into two categories—(a) immunological assays, and (b) functional assays. The current chapter presents protocols for several HIT assays, being those that are most commonly performed in laboratory practice and have the widest geographic distribution. These comprise a manual lateral flow-based system (STiC), a fully automated latex immunoturbidimetric assay, a fully automated chemiluminescent assay (CLIA), light transmission aggregation (LTA), and whole blood aggregation (Multiplate).
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Abbreviations
- CLIA:
-
Chemiluminescent assay
- HIT:
-
Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia
- LMWH:
-
Low molecular weight heparin
- LTA:
-
Light transmission aggregation
- mAB:
-
Monoclonal antibody
- PF4:
-
Platelet factor 4
- PPP:
-
Platelet-poor plasma
- PRP:
-
Platelet-rich plasma
- PVS:
-
Polyvinyl sulfonate
- UFH:
-
Unfractionated heparin
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Acknowledgments
The authors thank IL Werfen for previous and ongoing assistance with CLIA-based assay evaluations, as well as for checking the latex and CLIA-based HIT protocols outlined in this paper.
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Lau, K.K.E., Mohammed, S., Pasalic, L., Favaloro, E.J. (2017). Laboratory Testing Protocols for Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia (HIT) Testing. In: Favaloro, E., Lippi, G. (eds) Hemostasis and Thrombosis. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 1646. Humana Press, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-7196-1_19
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-7196-1_19
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