Abstract
Immunohistochemistry plays a crucial role in the routine practice of breast pathology. This chapter answers questions about immunohistochemistry many applications to topics including stromal invasion, columnar cell lesions, intraductal proliferations, papillary lesions, sclerosing lesions, spindle cell lesions, nipple neoplasia and Paget’s disease, fibroepithelial lesions, prognostic and predictive factors and genomic phenotypes (luminal A, B, basal and Her-2). The application of GATA-3 in breast pathology is discussed and illustrated. Photomicrographs demonstrate the characteristic staining patterns of common stains such as nuclear and cytoplasmic myoepithelial markers, membranous E-cadherin and p120 catenin proteins in lobular neoplasia and D2-40 in lymphatic invasion. Images also show novel dual color staining techniques such as p63 and c-kit staining of adenoid cystic carcinoma.
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Keywords
- Calponin
- CK5/6
- CK7
- CK8/18
- CK14
- CK17
- CK19
- D2-40
- E-cadherin
- ER
- GATA-3
- GCDFP-15
- Her-2/neu
- Mammaglobin
- Maspin
- NY-BR-1
- P120 catenin
- p53
- p63
- P-cadherin
- PR
- S100
- SMA
- Smooth muscle myosin heavy chain (SMM-HC)
- TFF1
- TFF3
- TTF1
- Columnar cell lesions
- Flat epithelial atypia
- Stromal invasion
- Ductal carcinoma
- Lobular carcinoma
- Medullary carcinoma
- Metaplastic carcinoma
- Tubulolobular carcinoma
- Micropapillary carcinoma
- Mucinous (colloid) carcinoma
- Apocrine carcinoma
- Secretory carcinoma
- Adenoid cystic carcinoma
- Basal-like carcinoma
- Papillary neoplasm
- Fibroepithelial neoplasm
- Fibroadenoma
- Phyllodes tumor
- Myoepithelial neoplasm
- Hyperplasia
- Tubular carcinoma
Frequently Asked Questions
-
13.1.
Summary of frequently used antibodies (Table 13.1).
Table 13.1 Summary of frequently used antibodies -
13.2.
Epithelial markers of breast tissue/neoplasm (Table 13.2).
Table 13.2 Epithelial markers of breast tissue/neoplasm -
13.3.
Myoepithelial/basal cell markers of breast tissue/eoplasm (Table 13.3).
Table 13.3 Myoepithelial/basal cell markers of breast tissue/neoplasm -
13.4.
Phenotype of normal breast ductal/lobular epithelium (Table 13.4).
Table 13.4 Phenotype of normal breast ductal/lobular epithelium -
13.5.
Phenotype of columnar cell lesions (columnar cell changes/hyperplasia) (Table 13.5).
Table 13.5 Phenotype of columnar cell lesions (columnar cell changes/hyperplasia) -
13.6.
Phenotype of flat epithelial atypia (Table 13.6).
Table 13.6 Phenotype of flat epithelial atypia -
13.7.
The evaluation of stromal invasion (Table 13.7).
Table 13.7 The evaluation of stromal invasion -
13.8.
The evaluation of angiolymphatic invasion (Table 13.8).
Table 13.8 The evaluation of angiolymphatic invasion -
13.9.
Phenotype of ductal carcinoma of breast (Table 13.9).
Table 13.9 Phenotype of ductal carcinoma of breast -
13.10.
Phenotype of lobular carcinoma of breast (Table 13.10).
Table 13.10 Phenotype of lobular carcinoma of breast -
13.11.
Phenotype of medullary carcinoma of breast (Table 13.11).
Table 13.11 Phenotype of medullary carcinoma of breast -
13.12.
Phenotype of metaplastic carcinoma of breast (Table 13.12).
Table 13.12 Phenotype of metaplastic carcinoma -
13.13.
Phenotype of tubulolobular carcinoma of breast (Table 13.13).
Table 13.13 Phenotype of tubulolobular carcinoma of breast -
13.14.
Phenotype of micropapillary carcinoma of breast (Table 13.14).
Table 13.14 Phenotype of micropapillary carcinoma of breast -
13.15.
Phenotype of mucinous (colloid) carcinoma of breast (Table 13.15).
Table 13.15 Phenotype of mucinous (colloid) carcinoma of breast -
13.16.
Phenotype of apocrine carcinoma of breast (Table 13.16).
Table 13.16 Phenotype of apocrine carcinoma of breast -
13.17.
Phenotype of secretory carcinoma of breast (Table 13.17).
Table 13.17 Phenotype of secretory carcinoma of breast -
13.18.
Phenotype of adenoid cystic carcinoma of breast (Table 13.18).
Table 13.18 Phenotype of adenoid cystic carcinoma of breast -
13.19.
Phenotype of small cell carcinoma of breast (Table 13.19).
Table 13.19 Phenotype of small cell carcinoma of breast -
13.20.
Phenotype of basal-like carcinoma of breast (Table 13.20).
Table 13.20 Phenotype of basal-like carcinoma of breast -
13.21.
The evaluation of papillary neoplasm (Table 13.21).
Table 13.21 The evaluation of papillary neoplasm -
13.22.
The evaluation of fibroepithelial neoplasm (fibroadenoma vs phyllodes tumor) (Table 13.22).
Table 13.22 The evaluation of fibroepithelial neoplasm (fibroadenoma vs. phyllodes tumor) -
13.23.
The evaluation of myoepithelial neoplasms (Table 13.23).
Table 13.23 The evaluation of myoepithelial neoplasms -
13.24.
Genomic phenotype (luminal A, B, basal, and Her-2) of breast carcinoma (Table 13.24)
Table 13.24 Genomic phenotype (luminal A, B, basal, and Her-2) of breast carcinoma -
13.25.
Prognostic and predictive markers of breast carcinoma (Table 13.25).
Table 13.25 Prognostic and predictive markers if breast carcinoma
Differential Diagnosis
-
13.26.
The differentiation of columnar cell lesions (including flat epithelial atypia) vs normal/usual ductal hyperplasia (Table 13.26).
Table 13.26 The differentiation of columnar cell lesions (including flat epithelial atypia) vs normal/usual ductal hyperplasia -
13.27.
The differentiation of usual duct hyperplasia vs atypical duct hyperplasia (or ductal carcinoma in-situ (Table 13.27).
Table 13.27 The differentiation of usual duct hyperplasia vs atypical duct hyperplasia or ductal carcinoma in-situ -
13.28.
The differentiation of lobular carcinoma vs ductal carcinoma (Table 13.28).
Table 13.28 The differentiation of lobular carcinoma vs ductal carcinoma -
13.29.
The differentiation of tubular carcinoma vs sclerosing adenosis and microglandular adenosis (MA) (Table 13.29).
Table 13.29 The differentiation of tubular carcinoma vs. sclerosing adenosis and microglandular adenosis -
13.30.
The differentiation of classic adenoid cystic carcinoma vs tubular or cribriform carcinoma and collagenous spherulosis (Table 13.30).
Table 13.30 The differentiation of classic adenoid cystic carcinoma vs tubular or cribriform carcinoma, and collagenous spherulosis -
13.31.
The differentiation of spindle cell neoplasm of breast (Table 13.31).
Table 13.31 The differentiation of spindle cell tumors of breast -
13.32.
Differentiation of micropapillary patterned carcinoma: ovarian vs breast (Table 13.32).
Table 13.32 The differentiation of micropapillary patterned carcinoma (ovarian vs breast) -
13.33.
The differentiation of primary breast vs metastatic adenocarcinoma (Table 13.33).
Table 13.33 Markers used in the evaluation of metastatic breast carcinoma
Neoplasm of the Nipple
-
13.34.
The evaluation of mammary Paget’s disease (Table 13.34).
Table 13.34 The evaluation of mammary Paget’s disease -
13.35.
The evaluation of nipple adenoma (syringomatous adenoma of nipple), large duct papilloma and low grade ductal/tubular carcinoma (Table 13.35).
Table 13.35 The evaluation of nipple adenoma (syringomatous adenoma of nipple), large duct papilloma and low-grade ductal/tubular carcinoma -
13.36.
The differentiation of Paget’s disease, Bowen’s disease and malignant melanoma (Table 13.36).
Table 13.36 The differentiation of Paget’s disease vs. Bowen’s disease vs. malignant melanoma
Note for All Tables
Note: “+”, usually greater than 70 % of cases are positive; “−”, less than 5 % of cases are positive; “+ or −”, usually more than 50 % of cases are positive; “− or +”, less than 50 % of cases are positive. ND no data available, V variable.
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Liu, H. (2015). Breast. In: Lin, F., Prichard, J. (eds) Handbook of Practical Immunohistochemistry. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-1578-1_13
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