Introduction
In both animals and plants, hormones generally act pleiotropically to regulate growth and development. The phytohormone cytokinin has been linked to a wide array of developmental processes since its identification in the 1950s as a factor, which, in concert with auxin, induced cell division in tobacco tissue. These processes include organ initiation, meristem maintenance, chloroplast development, vascular differentiation, and leaf senescence. Further, cytokinin also plays an important role in the responses to biotic factors, such as pathogen defense and rhizobial symbiosis, and abiotic factors such as cold, drought, and salt stress. How a signal mediates such diverse biological outputs and how these responses are intertwined with other signaling pathways remain fundamental questions in plant biology.
Molecular genetic studies in Arabidopsis thalianahave revealed that cytokinin signaling in this dicot model system is similar to bacterial two-component phosphotransfer...
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Brandstatter I, Kieber JJ. Two genes with similarity to bacterial response regulators are rapidly and specifically induced by cytokinin in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell. 1998;10:1009–19.
Deng Y, Dong H, Mu J, Ren B, Zheng B, Ji Z, Yang WC, Liang Y, Zuo J. Arabidopsis histidine kinase CKI1 acts upstream of histidine phosphotransfer proteins to regulate female gametophyte development and vegetative growth. Plant Cell. 2010;22:1232–48.
El-Showk S, Ruonala R, Helariutta Y. Crossing paths: cytokinin signalling and crosstalk. Development. 2013;140:1373–83.
Ferreira FJ, Kieber JJ. Cytokinin signaling. Curr Opin Plant Biol. 2005;8:518–25.
Kakimoto T. CKI1, a histidine kinase homolog implicated in cytokinin signal transduction. Science. 1996;274:982–5.
Rashotte AM, Mason MG, Hutchison CE, Ferreira FJ, Schaller GE, Kieber JJ. A subset of Arabidopsis AP2 transcription factors mediates cytokinin responses in concert with a two-component pathway. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006;103:11081–5.
Schaller GE, Shiu SH, Armitage JP. Two-component systems and their co-option for eukaryotic signal transduction. Curr Biol. 2011;21:R320–30.
Stock JB, Stock AM, Mottonen JM. Signal transduction in bacteria. Nature. 1990;344:395–400.
Stock AM, Robinson VL, Goudreau PN. Two-component signal transduction. Annu Rev Biochem. 2000;69:183–215.
To JP, Deruère J, Maxwell BB, Morris VF, Hutchison CE, Ferreira FJ, Schaller GE, Kieber JJ. Cytokinin regulates type-A Arabidopsis response regulator activity and protein stability via two-component phosphorelay. Plant Cell. 2007;19:3901–14.
Future Reading
Bhargava A, Clabaugh I, To JP, Maxwell BB, Chiang YH, Schaller EG, Loraine A, Kieber JJ. Identification of cytokinin responsive genes using microarray meta-analysis and RNA-seq in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Physiol. 2013;162:272–94.
Efroni I, Han SK, Kim HJ, Wu MF, Steiner E, Birnbaum KD, Hong JC, Eshed Y, Wagner D. Regulation of leaf maturation by chromatin-mediated modulation of cytokinin responses. Dev Cell. 2013;24:438–45.
Feng J, Wang C, Chen Q, Chen H, Ren B, Li X, Zuo J. S-nitrosylation of phosphotransfer proteins represses cytokinin signaling. Nat Commun. 2013;4:1529.
Hwang I, Sheen J, Müller B. Cytokinin signaling networks. Annu Rev Plant Biol. 2012;63:353–80.
Kim HJ, Chiang YH, Kieber JJ, Schaller GE. SCFKMD controls cytokinin signaling by regulating the degradation of type-B response regulators. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2013;110:10028–33.
Tsai YC, Weir NR, Hill K, Zhang W, Kim HJ, Shiu SH, Schaller GE, Kieber JJ. Characterization of genes involved in cytokinin signaling and metabolism from rice. Plant Physiol. 2012;158:1666–84.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2014 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this entry
Cite this entry
Cheng, CY., Kieber, J.J. (2014). Signaling: Cytokinin Signaling. In: Howell, S. (eds) Molecular Biology. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-0263-7_14-1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-0263-7_14-1
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Online ISBN: 978-1-4939-0263-7
eBook Packages: Springer Reference Biomedicine and Life SciencesReference Module Biomedical and Life Sciences