Continuous Glucose Monitoring Sensors for Management of Diabetes

Abstract

It is estimated that 1 in 11 adult population in the world is living with diabetes. Till date, the best approach toward management of diabetes involves monitoring of glucose levels and administration of insulin accordingly. While this can be done through frequent self-monitoring of glucose at home, these point measurements lack valuable information related to the glucose excursions. Continuous glucose monitoring of glucose has proven to be beneficial in type 1 diabetes and has helped in reduction of glycated hemoglobin and episodes of hypoglycemia. Over the years, the technologies used for the development of continuous glucose monitoring sensors have further improved yielding accurate and reliable sensors. In this chapter, we present a brief introduction on glucose monitoring sensors and how these sensors evolved toward continuous glucose monitoring sensors for long-term monitoring in the skin interstitial fluid. We also give an overview of the electronics system for glucose sensing and trends in research. For the sake of simplicity, we limit our discussions to electrochemical glucose biosensors.