Abstract
Rapid growth rates in India and other Asian countries have led to a significant reduction in the incidence of poverty but has also led to rising inequalities across sub-national locations, particularly across rural and urban sectors, and between skilled and unskilled workers (Ali 2007). A factor that has contributed to this trend is IT outsourcing activity in which a small segment of the population has benefited from an extraordinary boom while large segments of the population are stuck with low wages, little or no social services, and remote opportunity for improved mobility. In recent years new IT sourcing models have emerged as rising costs in urban centers have forced many large business process outsourcing (BPO) companies to outsource low value-added tasks to employees in rural areas with the role of government limited to that of a catalyst and facilitator. This new rural BPO activity is mainly driven by traditional players in the outsourcing market using revenue-based business models to reduce labor costs.
Access provided by Autonomous University of Puebla. Download to read the full chapter text
Chapter PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Acs, Z. J., Desai, S., and Hessels, J. (2008). “Entrepreneurship, Economic Development and Institutions.” Small Business Economics, 31(3): 219–234.
Ali, I. (2007). “Inequality and the Imperative for Inclusive Growth in Asia.” Asian Development Review, 24(2): 1–16.
Anderson, A. R. (2000). “Paradox in the Periphery: An Entrepreneurial Reconstruction.” Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 12: 91–109.
Benneworth, P. (2004). “In What Sense ‘Regional Development?’: Entrepreneurship, Underdevelopment and Strong Tradition in the Periphery.” Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 16: 439–458.
Boettke, P., and Coyne, C. (2003). “Entrepreneurship and Development: Cause of Consequence?” In Austrian Economics and Entrepreneurial Studies: Advances in Austrian Economics, 6: 67–87.
Briedenhann, J., and Wickens, E. (2004). “Tourism Routes and a Tool for the Economic Development of Rural Areas–Vibrant Hope or Impossible Dream?” Tourism Management, 25(1): 71–79.
Dutz, M. (2007). “Overview: Towards an Action Agenda for Innovation.” In Unleashing India’s Innovation: Towards Sustainable and Inclusive Growth, M. Dutz (ed.). Washington, DC: The World Bank, 1–23.
The Economist (2011). “South Korea’s Economy.” November 12.
Eisenhardt, K. M. (1989). “Building Theories from Case Study Research.” Academy of Management Review, 14(4): 532–550.
Fuduric, N. (2008). “Entrepreneurship in the Periphery: Geography and Resources.” Aalborg University Publication Series No. 2008–8, Department of Development and Planning.
Glaser, B. G., and Strauss, A. L. (1967). The Discovery of Grounded Theory. New York: Aldine.
Heeks, R. (2013). “Emerging Markets: Information Technology Impact Sourcing.” Communications of the ACM, 56(12): 22–25.
Heeks, R., and Arun, S. (2010). “Social Outsourcing as a Development Tool.” Journal of International Development, 22(4): 441–454.
Iamchovichina, E., and Lundstrom, S. (2009). “Inclusive Growth Analytics: Framework and Application.” Policy Research Working Paper Series 4851, Washington, DC: The World Bank.
Imboden, K. (2005) “Building Inclusive Financial Sectors: The Road to Growth and Poverty Reduction.” Journal of International Affairs, 58(2): 65–86.
Kennedy, R., Sheth, S., Jhaveri, E., and Kilibarda, L. (2013). “Impact Sourcing: Assessing the Opportunity for Building a Thriving Industry.” William Davidson Institute and Rockefeller Foundation.
Lingelback, D. C., De La Vina, L., and Asel, P. (2005). “What’s Distinctive about Growth-Oriented Entrepreneurship in Developing Countries?” UTSA College of Business, Center for Global Entrepreneurship Working Paper No. 1. Available at: http://ssm.com/abstract=7426054
McMullen, J. (2011). “Delineating the Domain of Development Entrepreneurship: A Market-Based Approach to Facilitating Inclusive Economic Growth.” Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 35(1): 185–193.
Madon, S., and Sharanappa, S. (2013). “Social IT Outsourcing and Development: Theorising the Linkage.” Information Systems Journal, 23(5): 381–399.
Malecki, E. (1997). Technology and Economic Development. London: Longmans.
Mukherji, S., and Pinto, S. (2012). “Rural Shores: Service Excellence in Indian Hinterland.” Bangalore: Indian Institute of Management.
Myers, M. (2009). Qualitative Research in Business & Management. London: Sage Publications.
NASSCOM (2014). “Next Generation Outsourcing: Opportunities through Impact Sourcing.” NASSCOM Foundation.
Naude, W. (2010). “Entrepreneurship, Developing Countries, and Development Economics: New Approaches and Insights.” Small Bus Econ, 34(1): 1–12.
Planning Commission of India (2006). Towards Faster and More Inclusive Growth: An Approach to the 11th Five Year Plan New Delhi.
Ravallion, M. (2009). “A Comparative Perspective on Poverty Reduction in Brazil, China and India.” Policy Research Working Paper Series 508, Washington, DC: World Bank.
Schumpeter, J. A. (1934). The Theory of Economic Development: An Inquiry into Profits, Capital, Credit, Interest, and the Business Cycle, New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers.
Sharma, M., Chaudhary, V., Bala, R., and Chauhan, R. (2013). “Rural Entrepreneurship in Developing Countries: Challenges, Problems and Performance Appraisal,” Global Journal of Management and Business Studies, 3(9): 1035–1040.
State Council of China (2006). The 11th Five Year Plan of National Economy and Social Development of the People’s Republic of China 2006–2010, Beijing.
Tandon, A., and Sparkes, S. (2011). “Non-Income Poverty and Inequality in Asia.” In Poverty, Inequality and Inclusive Growth in Asia, J. Zhuang (ed.). London: Anthem Press, pp. 86–112.
Tara, S. N. (2011). “A Study of Rural BPOs,” Public Systems Management, Bangalore: Indian Institute of Management.
UNDP (2007). “Thailand National Human Development Report,” United Nations Development Program, Bangkok.
Vossenberg, S. (2013). “Women Entrepreneurship Promotion in Developing Countries: What Explains the Gender Gap in Entrepreneurship and How to Close It?” Working Paper No. 2013/08. Maastricht School of Management.
Zhuang, J. and Ali, I. (2011). “Poverty, Inequality and Inclusive Growth in Asia.” In Poverty, Inequality and Inclusive Growth in Asia, J. Zhuang (ed.). London: Anthem Press, 1–30.
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Copyright information
© 2016 Shirin Madon and C. Ranjini
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Madon, S., Ranjini, C. (2016). The Rural BPO Sector in India: Encouraging Inclusive Growth through Entrepreneurship. In: Nicholson, B., Babin, R., Lacity, M.C. (eds) Socially Responsible Outsourcing. Technology, Work and Globalization. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-55729-2_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-55729-2_4
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, London
Print ISBN: 978-1-137-55728-5
Online ISBN: 978-1-137-55729-2
eBook Packages: Business and ManagementBusiness and Management (R0)