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Detection of Glycosaminoglycans in Biological Specimens

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Proteoglycans

Part of the book series: Methods in Molecular Biology ((MIMB,volume 2619))

Abstract

Proteoglycans (PGs) are macromolecules formed by a protein backbone to which one or more glycosaminoglycan (GAG) side chains are covalently attached. Most PGs are present in connective tissues, cell surfaces, and intracellular compartments. The major biological function of PGs derives from the GAG component of the molecule, which is involved in cell growth and proliferation, embryogenesis, maintenance of tissue hydration, and interactions of the cells via receptors. PGs are categorized into four groups based on their cellular and subcellular localization, including cell surfaces and extracellular, intracellular, and pericellular locations. GAGs are a crucial component of PGs involved in various physiological and pathological processes. GAGs also serve as biomarkers of metabolic diseases such as mucopolysaccharidoses and mucolipidoses. Detection of specific GAGs in various biological fluids helps manage various genetic metabolic disorders before it causes irreversible damage to the patient (Amendum et al., Diagnostics (Basel) 11(9):1563, 2021). There are several methods for detecting GAGs; this chapter focuses on measuring GAGs using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, liquid chromatographic tandem mass spectrometry, and automated high-throughput mass spectrometry.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by grants from the Centers of Biomedical Research Excellence (COBRE). This work was also supported by grants from Austrian MPS society, A Cure for Robert, Inc., the Carol Ann Foundation, Angelo R. Cali & Mary V. Cali Family Foundation, Inc., the Vain and Harry Fish Foundation, Inc., the Bennett Foundation, Jacob Randall Foundation, and Nemours Fund. S.T. was supported by an Institutional Development Award from the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development of the National Institutes of Health (NICHD) (1R01HD102545-01A1, 1R01HD104814-01A1). The content of the article has not been influenced by the sponsors.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biomedical Research, Nemours/Alfred I. DuPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE, USA

    Shaukat A. Khan, F. N. U. Nidhi, Paige C. Amendum & Shunji Tomatsu

  2. Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA

    F. N. U. Nidhi

  3. Department of Pediatrics, Shimane University, Izumo, Japan

    Shunji Tomatsu

  4. Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan

    Shunji Tomatsu

  5. Department of Pediatrics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA

    Shunji Tomatsu

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  1. Shaukat A. Khan
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  2. F. N. U. Nidhi
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  3. Paige C. Amendum
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  4. Shunji Tomatsu
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Correspondence to Shunji Tomatsu .

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  1. Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis and Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Patras, Greece

    Nikos K. Karamanos

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Khan, S.A., Nidhi, F.N.U., Amendum, P.C., Tomatsu, S. (2023). Detection of Glycosaminoglycans in Biological Specimens. In: Karamanos, N.K. (eds) Proteoglycans. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 2619. Humana, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-2946-8_1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-2946-8_1

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