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Natural Polymer–Based Micronanostructured Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering

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Biomedical Engineering Technologies

Part of the book series: Methods in Molecular Biology ((MIMB,volume 2394))

Abstract

Although bone tissue allografts and autografts aremoften used as a regenerative tissue during the bone healing, their availability, donor site morbidity, and immune response to grafted tissue are limiting factors their more common usage. Tissue engineered implants, such as acellular or cellular polymeric structures, can be an alternative solution. A variety of scaffold fabrication techniques including electrospinning, particulate leaching, particle sintering, and more recently 3D printing have been used to create scaffolds with interconnected pores and mechanical properties for tissue regeneration. Simply combining particle sintering and molecular self-assembly to create porous microstructures with imbued nanofibers to produce micronanostructures for tissue regeneration applications. Natural polymers like polysaccharides, proteins and peptides of plant or animal origin have gained significant attention due to their assured biocompatibility in tissue regeneration. However, majority of these polymers are water soluble and structures derived from them are in the form of hydrogels and require additional stabilization via cross-linking. For bone healing applications scaffolds are required to be strong, and support attachment, proliferation and differentiation of osteoprogenitors into osteoblasts. Our ongoing work utilizes plant polysaccharide cellulose derivatives and collagen to create mechanically stable and bioactive micronanostructured scaffold for bone tissue engineering. Scaffold microstructure is essentially solvent sintered cellulose acetate (CA) microspheres in the form of a negative template for trabecular bone with defined pore and mechanical properties. Collagen nanostructures are imbued into the 3D environment of CA scaffolds using collagen molecular self-assembly principles. The resultant CA-collagen micronanostructures provide the benefits of combined polymers and serve as an alternative material platform to many FDA approved polyesters. Our ongoing studies and published work confirm improved osteoprogenitor adhesion, proliferation, migration, differentiation, extracellular matrix (ECM) secretion in promoting bone healing. In this chapter we will provide a detailed protocol on the creation of micronanostructured CA-collagen scaffolds and their characterization for bone tissue engineering using human mesenchymal stem cells.

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Acknowledgments

Funding support for this work was provided by the National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering of the National Institutes of Health (Award Number R01EB020640), and the Connecticut Regenerative Medicine Research Fund-15-RMB-UCHC-08.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA

    Sara Katebifar, Jonathan Nip & Sangamesh G. Kumbar

  2. Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, USA

    Sara Katebifar, Michael R. Arul, Jonathan Nip, Swetha Rudraiah & Sangamesh G. Kumbar

  3. Department of Biomedical Engineering, Western New England University, Springfield, MA, USA

    Devina Jaiswal

  4. Department of Reconstructive Sciences, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, USA

    Sanja Novak & Ivo Kalajzic

  5. Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Saint Joseph, Hartford, CT, USA

    Swetha Rudraiah

Authors
  1. Sara Katebifar
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  2. Devina Jaiswal
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  3. Michael R. Arul
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  4. Sanja Novak
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  5. Jonathan Nip
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  6. Ivo Kalajzic
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  7. Swetha Rudraiah
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  8. Sangamesh G. Kumbar
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Sangamesh G. Kumbar .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA

    Avraham Rasooly

  2. Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA

    Houston Baker

  3. Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA

    Miguel R. Ossandon

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Katebifar, S. et al. (2022). Natural Polymer–Based Micronanostructured Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering. In: Rasooly, A., Baker, H., Ossandon, M.R. (eds) Biomedical Engineering Technologies. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 2394. Humana, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-1811-0_35

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-1811-0_35

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  • Publisher Name: Humana, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-0716-1810-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-0716-1811-0

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