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Genetic Transformation of Trichoderma spp.

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Biofuels and Biodiesel

Part of the book series: Methods in Molecular Biology ((MIMB,volume 2290))

Abstract

The production of biofuels from plant biomass is dependent on the availability of enzymes that can hydrolyze the plant cell wall polysaccharides to their monosaccharides. These enzyme mixtures are formed by microorganisms but their native compositions and properties are often not ideal for application. Genetic engineering of these microorganisms is therefore necessary, in which introduction of DNA is an essential precondition. The filamentous fungus Trichoderma reesei—the main producer of plant-cell-wall-degrading enzymes for biofuels and other industries—has been subjected to intensive genetic engineering toward this goal and has become one of the iconic examples of the successful genetic improvement of fungi. However, the genetic manipulation of other enzyme-producing Trichoderma species is frequently less efficient and, therefore, rarely managed. In this chapter, we therefore describe the two potent methods of Trichoderma transformation mediated by either (a) polyethylene glycol (PEG) or (b) Agrobacterium. The methods are optimized for T. reesei but can also be applied for such transformation-resilient species as T. harzianum and T. guizhouense, which are putative upcoming alternatives for T. reesei in this field. The protocols are simple, do not require extensive training or special equipment, and can be further adjusted for T. reesei mutants with particular properties.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Only the pioneering publications are cited here.

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Acknowledgments

The authors wish to thank Renwei Gao, Siqi Jiang, Jian Zhang, and Zheng Zhao (Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China) for the materials used for images and useful comments. This work was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31801939) and the Ministry of Science & Technology of Jiangsu Province (BK20180533), China, to FC, and grants from the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) P25613-B20 and P25745-B20, to ISD.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering (ICEBE), TU Wien, Vienna, Austria

    Feng Cai, Christian P. Kubicek & Irina S. Druzhinina

  2. FungiG, Fungal Genomics Laboratory, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China

    Feng Cai & Irina S. Druzhinina

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  1. Feng Cai
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  2. Christian P. Kubicek
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Correspondence to Irina S. Druzhinina .

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  1. Department of Biology, California State Univ Northridge, Los Angeles, CA, USA

    Chhandak Basu

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Cai, F., Kubicek, C.P., Druzhinina, I.S. (2021). Genetic Transformation of Trichoderma spp.. In: Basu, C. (eds) Biofuels and Biodiesel. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 2290. Humana, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-1323-8_12

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