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Wild Bird Surveillance for Avian Influenza Virus

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Animal Influenza Virus

Part of the book series: Methods in Molecular Biology ((MIMB,volume 2123))

Abstract

Avian influenza (AI) viruses have been routinely isolated from a wide diversity of free-living avian species, representing numerous taxonomic orders. Birds in orders Anseriformes and Charadriiformes are considered the natural reservoirs for all AI viruses; it is from these orders that AI viruses have been most frequently isolated. Since first recognized in the late 1800s, AI viruses have been an important cause of disease in poultry and, occasionally, in non-gallinaceous birds and mammals. While AI viruses tend to be of low pathogenicity (LP) in wild birds, the 2014–2015 incursion of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) clade 2.3.4.4 H5Nx viruses into North America and the recent circulation of HPAI H5 viruses in European wild birds highlight the need for targeted, thorough, and continuous surveillance programs in the wild bird reservoir. Such programs are crucial to understanding the potential risk for the incursion of AI into human and domestic animal populations. The aim of this chapter is to provide general concepts and guidelines for the planning and implementation of surveillance plans for AI viruses in wild birds.

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank everyone at the Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study and the Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory for their contributions toward the cooperative AI virus research and surveillance efforts. We thank Deborah Carter, Alinde Fojtik, and Laura Hollander for supplying pictures for this edition.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, Wildlife Health Building, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA

    Rebecca L. Poulson

  2. Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, USA

    Justin D. Brown

Authors
  1. Rebecca L. Poulson
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  2. Justin D. Brown
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Rebecca L. Poulson .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Diseases Unit, US National Poultry Research Center, US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Athens, GA, USA

    Erica Spackman

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Poulson, R.L., Brown, J.D. (2020). Wild Bird Surveillance for Avian Influenza Virus. In: Spackman, E. (eds) Animal Influenza Virus. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 2123. Humana, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-0346-8_8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-0346-8_8

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  • Publisher Name: Humana, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-0716-0345-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-0716-0346-8

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