Abstract
The 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and their related 169 targets were set by a resolution of the United Nations (UN) on 25 September 2015 titled “Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development”. Leaders of the Member States went to New York in September 2015, not to celebrate the UN’s 70th birthday but to conclude unanimously in favour of the blue planet we all inhabit and for those, in particular, whose living conditions remain poor. Inequality, as a natural phenomenon e.g. in landlocked developed countries or as a human caused phenomenon provoked through corruption and violence causes poverty, hunger, and blatant forms of discrimination. Enormous disparities of opportunities can be detected throughout the world where wealth and (corporate) power, quite often deprive cultures and people from their natural rights. Globally, gender inequality remains a key challenge, in particular for women and girls. The survival of many societies, and of the biological support systems of the planet, seems in times of climate change at risk. The SDGs, entered into force on 1 January 2016, are described by the UN as integrated and indivisible and are balancing three dimensions of sustainable development: the economic, social and environmental.
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Notes
- 1.
The Landlocked Developing Countries (LLDCs) are among the poorest countries in the world. Their positive economic performance was mainly driven by the boom in minerals and energy demand up to mid-2008. Of the 20 lowest-ranked countries in the human development index (2010) 10 were LLDCs. UNOHRLLS, UN LLDC Factsheet, 2011, http://unohrlls.org/UserFiles/File/UN_LLDCs_Factsheet.pdf (last accessed 6 February 2019). See further UNCTAD: “In recognition of the special development needs of LLDCs, the international community adopted the Vienna Programme of Action (VPoA) for these countries for the decade 2014–2024. The overarching goal of the VPoA is to help the LLDCs achieve sustainable and inclusive growth and to eradicate poverty.” https://unctad.org/en/Pages/ALDC/Landlocked%20Developing%20Countries/UN-recognition-of-the-problems-of-land-locked-developing-countries.aspx (last accessed 6 February 2019).
- 2.
See for example https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/memberstates (last accessed 6 February 2019).
Italy: Istituto nazionale di statistica (ISTAT), Rapporto SDGs 2018. Informazioni statistiche per l’Agenda 2030 in Italia. Prime analisi, 2018.
Germany: Bundesregierung, Deutsche Nachhaltigkeitsstrategie—Aktualisierung 2018, BT-Drs. 19/5700, p. 40.
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Huck, W. (2019). Duncan French and Louis J. Kotzé (Eds.), Sustainable Development Goals – Law, Theory and Implementation. In: Bungenberg, M., Krajewski, M., Tams, C.J., Terhechte, J.P., Ziegler, A.R. (eds) European Yearbook of International Economic Law 2019. European Yearbook of International Economic Law, vol 10. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/8165_2019_35
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/8165_2019_35
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